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Can we instantiate VRF without using pairing?

ie flag

As my survey, most of(I am not sure if it is "all") the constructions of VRF are instantiated with the use of pairing. Can we construct a VRF without using pairing?

fgrieu avatar
ng flag
[This survey](https://crypto.stanford.edu/~dabo/pubs/abstracts/VDFsurvey.html) mentions two schemes where I see no pairing, including Wesolowski's [_Efficient Verifiable Delay Functions_](https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/623.pdf), (in [proceedings of EuroCrypt 2019](https://doi.org//10.1007/978-3-030-17659-4_13)). Both are in comment or answer to a [related question](https://crypto.stackexchange.com/q/91461/555).
István András Seres avatar
cf flag
Additionally, we can mention VRFs based on the DDH assumption (https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/099), lattices (https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/1222.pdf) or sequential evaluations of Legendre symbols (https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/182.pdf).
user77340 avatar
ie flag
@IstvánAndrásSeres Thanks! That's what I want.
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