Pollard's p-1 is useful only when for one of the primes p, p-1 is smooth. If you have some random integer you want to factor, you would use ECM and GNFS. Which means, if you are trying p-1, you have a reason to suspect that p-1 is reasonably smooth and then you should already have an idea of how smooth it can be (the smoothness bound L). In any case, the more you try - the more chances to break you have, so you should set as large bound as you can afford to wait, but only if you have reasons to suspect p-1 to be smooth.
I believe choosing $a$ does not matter much, and changing $a$ is not useful at all, until you get a non-trivial $gcd$. The idea is that for new $a$ you have to multiply by all those $1,2,3,...$ again, while you've already done this work for previous $a$. You might get a new $a$ such that some large factor $d$ of $p-1$ is already removed, and then you need a smaller bound $L$ to work, but the chance of that is $1/d$ and you rather keep raising your original $a$ to next powers and reach power $d$ naturally.
The only issue that can occur - is that you will arrive at 1 mod $p$ and 1 mod $q$ simultaneously (i.e. get $a^L\equiv 1 \mod{n}$), which does not leak a factor. Then you try another $a$, but at least you learn that Pollard's $p-1$ is likely to work well on this number.