Score:1

Building an Adversary for a PRF game

sa flag

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Here is the game:

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How can I make an $\mathcal{O}(k^2)$-time adversary making only one query to its Fn oracle and achieving advantage $= 1 - 1/(p-1)$

Here is my idea so far: query $2^{-1}$, which when it goes through the Encryption algorithm, will return 1. So,

Adversary A:
C <- Fn(2^{-1})
if C == 1 return 1
else return 0

When we query 2^{-1}: \begin{align} Y_1 &= (2^{-1})^e &\bmod p \\ Y_2 &= 2^e &\bmod p \\ Y &= (2^{-1}\cdot 2)^e &\bmod p \\ &= 1^e &\bmod p \\ &= 1 \text{ (for all e)} \end{align}

Is this allowed? Is it okay to query $2^{-1}$. I am assuming here that $2^{-1}$ is in $Z_p$ as long as $2$ is relatively prime.

Is this Adversary correct?

Chris Peikert avatar
in flag
Yes, it’s allowed by definition of the PRF’s domain. To complete the analysis, you must also analyze your adversary’s probability of outputting 1 in the RAND game.
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