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Encryption using Playfair algorithm

co flag

how to encrypt using play fair if "i , j" both are in the plaintext? for example Beijing.

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in flag

There are dialects where other letters are missing. But otherwise you could always substitute j with i or y of course. I mean, nobody is going to mistake beiiing or beiying with any other word, especially if it is in a location that provides context (e.g. a sentence that clearly talks about a city or at least a location).

Modern ciphers are secure and operate on bits / bytes. In principle any Unicode string can be converted to bytes, resolving the issue. Playfair is not a cipher that should be used anymore; practical issues are kind of moot at this point.

mangohost

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