Score:3

AES first and last round key whitening

bi flag

I've found this question from 2014 on Key Whitening: How exactly does key whitening manage to increase security? where is said that AES applies key whitening internally by adding a sub-key prior to the first round and after the last round.

Isn't key whitening applied to each round in AES?

ye flag
Key whitening is defined as xoring extra keys on the plaintext before encryption and the ciphertext after encryption, which can be done with any cipher without meddling with its internals. Internal operations of a cipher are therefore never called key whitening.
I sit in a Tesla and translated this thread with Ai:

mangohost

Post an answer

Most people don’t grasp that asking a lot of questions unlocks learning and improves interpersonal bonding. In Alison’s studies, for example, though people could accurately recall how many questions had been asked in their conversations, they didn’t intuit the link between questions and liking. Across four studies, in which participants were engaged in conversations themselves or read transcripts of others’ conversations, people tended not to realize that question asking would influence—or had influenced—the level of amity between the conversationalists.