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RuntimeException: Failed to start the session because headers have already been sent by

cn flag
Syed Daniyal Asif

New to Drupal, I just created a new custom module in Drupal 9 to see how it works I was trying to test with a minimal piece of code. I just enable this module and got this error, now I can't open anything and getting this error on every page nothing is happening even if I change anything in code. This is my custom module code.

check_hookcalls.info.yml

name: hook calls checking
description: module for testing hooks
core_version_requirement: ^8 || ^9
type: module

check_hookcalls.module

<?php

function check_hookcalls_node_presave() {
  die;
}

?>

The error I get is the following one.

[13-Jul-2021 15:34:49 Europe/Berlin] RuntimeException: Failed to start the session because headers have already been sent by "C:\softwares\xampp\htdocs\d9_firstexperience\2\modules\check_hookcalls\check_hookcalls.module" at line 10. in C:\softwares\xampp\htdocs\d9_firstexperience\2\vendor\symfony\http-foundation\Session\Storage\NativeSessionStorage.php on line 152

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sonfd avatar
in flag
sonfd
Remove the closing php tag
2
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cn flag
Syed Daniyal Asif
Yes, I just removed the tags, and restarted apache it start working but it's strange. You can post it as an answer I will accept.
0
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apaderno avatar
us flag
apaderno
Drupal coding standards say not to add the closing PHP tag exactly to avoid that issue.
1
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cn flag
Syed Daniyal Asif
Okay, thank you I have to learn standards.
0
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apaderno avatar
us flag
apaderno
The [Coding standards](https://www.drupal.org/docs/develop/standards) guide and its sub-guides are a start.
1
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Score:1
sonfd avatar Drupal
in flag
sonfd

Per the Drupal coding standards, the closing php tag should be omitted.

The PHP Code Tags section of the coding standards (as well as this stackoverflow answer) give a good overview of why it's a good practice to omit them in general:

  • Removing it eliminates the possibility for unwanted whitespace at the end of files which can cause "header already sent" errors, XHTML/XML validation issues, and other problems.
  • The closing delimiter at the end of a file is optional.
  • PHP.net itself removes the closing delimiter from the end of its files (example: prepend.inc), so this can be seen as a "best practice."
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