Let me make sure I understand what you are asking:
Brand is a taxonomy vocabulary.
Hardware is a node content type.
Hardware has fields:
Now, the question is, how do you specify different brands for RAM and CPU?
There are a couple ways to do this.
Create multiple Brand taxonomy term reference fields.
In this approach, you will add a taxonomy term reference field for each field on hardware that you want to set a brand for.
For example:
- RAM
- RAM brand (taxonomy term reference field)
- CPU
- CPU brand (taxonomy term reference field)
However, this is a bad approach if many pieces of hardware have RAM with the same capacity and brand (for example, you have 10 pieces of hardware with Corsair 32 GB).
The Drupal way: Create more content types
The most "Drupal" way to do this is to create content types for each "thing" you are trying to model and then combine them.
So, you would create:
- RAM content type with fields capacity and brand ("brand" taxonomy term entity reference)
- CPU content type with fields speed and brand ("brand" taxonomy term entity reference)
- Hardware content type with fields RAM ("RAM" node entity reference) and CPU ("CPU" node entity reference)
This is the most flexible approach, although it takes a little more time to set up.