How to get the parameters from a URL and a route that is not the current one?

Route from a custom module :

custom.route:
  path: /the/{id}/path

Hypothetical url : /the/53/path

The goal is the get the id value ("53").

So far, I managed to get the route name from the url with

$url = "/the/53/path";

$route_provider = \Drupal::service('router.route_provider');
$found_routes = $route_provider->getRoutesByPattern($url);

In $found_routes, I can find the "custom.route" route name.

Now, I need to find the parameters value, but I can't achieve it.

use Drupal\Core\Routing\RouteMatch;
use Drupal\Core\Routing\RouteMatchInterface;
use Drupal\Core\Url;

/**
 * Returns the parameters of a given URL.
 *
 * @param string $url
 *   The URL.
 * @param string $route_name
 *   The name of the route.
 *
 * @return array
 *   An array of parameters for the URL.
 */
function getUrlParameters(string $url, string $route_name): array {
  // Create a URL object from the given URL string.
  $url_object = Url::fromUri('base:/' . ltrim($url, '/'));

  // Create a request object from the URL object.
  $request = \Drupal::requestStack()->getMasterRequest();
  $request = $request->duplicate();
  $request->setMethod('GET');
  $request->attributes->set('_route', $route_name);
  $url_object->mergeOptions(['query' => $request->query->all()]);
  $request->server->set('REQUEST_URI', $url_object->toString());

  // Use the route matcher to get the route matching the URL.
  /** @var \Drupal\Core\Routing\RouteMatchInterface $route_match */
  $route_match = RouteMatch::createFromRequest($request, \Drupal::service('router'));

  // Return the parameters of the URL.
  return $route_match->getParameters()->all();
}

You can use the router.no_access_checks service for this.

$router = \Drupal::service('router.no_access_checks');
$parameters = $router->match($url);

It works on both path aliases as well as unaliased paths. Example for a specific node with id 5 and an alias of article/routing-in-drupal:

$router = \Drupal::service('router.no_access_checks');
$url = 'node/5';
$parameters = $router->match($url);
// $parameters['node']->id() gives 5

$url = 'article/routing-in-drupal';
$parameters = $router->match($url);
// $parameters['node']->id() gives 5