Yes, it will. ASSUMING IT FITS - and given that pretty much any rack server is using a different standard than desktop machines, the answer is.... most likely not.
And the detailed answer is: Read the manuals.
As in: You state "I have found this PDF which explains memory requirements. It however does not mention ECC, NonECC etc."
Did you search? Because ONE google search ("Dell R710 manual" - hardly arcane) pointed me to https://downloads.dell.com/manuals/all-products/esuprt_ser_stor_net/esuprt_poweredge/poweredge-r710_owner%27s%20manual_en-us.pdf, which is the complete owners manual.
Page 129 talks quite clear what is needed:
Your system supports DDR3 registered DIMMs (RDIMMs) or ECC
unbuffered DIMMs (UDIMMs). Single and dual-rank DIMMs can be 1067-
or 1333-MHz, and quad-rank DIMMs can be 1067-MHz.
Not using the manual makes me want to close this - seriously, whether you have worked with rack servers or not, you should ALWAYS try to read the manual. Btw., the page goes on with specifying what sizes and hoe many modules fit etc. - read it.
Anyhow, you can fit any RAM that matches the description. Have fun finding a desktop system using RDIMM. And as i says, you need alternatively ECC UDIMM.