How to fix... nginx: [emerg] "root" directive is duplicate in /home/---/web/---/public_html/nginx.conf.sample:32

nginx running on ubuntu 20.04, for a (once running) Magento 2.4.5 install

After a reboot of the server, nginx failed to restart.

Running command sudo nginx -t brings up error:

nginx: [emerg] "root" directive is duplicate in /home/--/web/--/public_html/nginx.conf.sample:32 nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed

If I open nginx.conf.sample and comment out line 32, I'm faced with a similar error

nginx: [emerg] "autoindex" directive is duplicate in /home/--/web/--/public_html/nginx.conf.sample:35 nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed

and so on right down the file, and nginx never passes the test.

Can somebody point me in the right direction please?

Here is the entire nginx.conf.sample file

## Example configuration:
# upstream fastcgi_backend {
#    # use tcp connection
#    # server  127.0.0.1:9000;
#    # or socket
#    server   unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
# }
# server {
#    listen 80;
#    server_name mage.dev;
#    set $MAGE_ROOT /var/www/magento2;
#    set $MAGE_DEBUG_SHOW_ARGS 0;
#    include /vagrant/magento2/nginx.conf.sample;
# }
#
## Optional override of deployment mode. We recommend you use the
## command 'bin/magento deploy:mode:set' to switch modes instead.
##
## set $MAGE_MODE default; # or production or developer
##
## If you set MAGE_MODE in server config, you must pass the variable into the
## PHP entry point blocks, which are indicated below. You can pass
## it in using:
##
## fastcgi_param  MAGE_MODE $MAGE_MODE;
##
## In production mode, you should uncomment the 'expires' directive in the /static/ location block

# Modules can be loaded only at the very beginning of the Nginx config file, please move the line below to the main config file
# load_module /etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_image_filter_module.so;

root $MAGE_ROOT/pub;

index index.php;
autoindex off;
charset UTF-8;
error_page 404 403 = /errors/404.php;
#add_header "X-UA-Compatible" "IE=Edge";


# Deny access to sensitive files
location /.user.ini {
    deny all;
}

# PHP entry point for setup application
location ~* ^/setup($|/) {
    root $MAGE_ROOT;
    location ~ ^/setup/index.php {
        fastcgi_pass   fastcgi_backend;

        fastcgi_param  PHP_FLAG  "session.auto_start=off \n suhosin.session.cryptua=off";
        fastcgi_param  PHP_VALUE "memory_limit=756M \n max_execution_time=600";
        fastcgi_read_timeout 600s;
        fastcgi_connect_timeout 600s;

        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

    location ~ ^/setup/(?!pub/). {
        deny all;
    }

    location ~ ^/setup/pub/ {
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
    }
}

# PHP entry point for update application
location ~* ^/update($|/) {
    root $MAGE_ROOT;

    location ~ ^/update/index.php {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(/update/index.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_pass   fastcgi_backend;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param  PATH_INFO        $fastcgi_path_info;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

    # Deny everything but index.php
    location ~ ^/update/(?!pub/). {
        deny all;
    }

    location ~ ^/update/pub/ {
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
    }
}

location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$args;
}

location /pub/ {
    location ~ ^/pub/media/(downloadable|customer|import|custom_options|theme_customization/.*\.xml) {
        deny all;
    }
    alias $MAGE_ROOT/pub/;
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
}

location /static/ {
    # Uncomment the following line in production mode
    # expires max;

    # Remove signature of the static files that is used to overcome the browser cache
    location ~ ^/static/version\d*/ {
        rewrite ^/static/version\d*/(.*)$ /static/$1 last;
    }

    location ~* \.(ico|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|svg|svgz|webp|avif|avifs|js|css|eot|ttf|otf|woff|woff2|html|json|webmanifest)$ {
        add_header Cache-Control "public";
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
        expires +1y;

        if (!-f $request_filename) {
            rewrite ^/static/(version\d*/)?(.*)$ /static.php?resource=$2 last;
        }
    }
    location ~* \.(zip|gz|gzip|bz2|csv|xml)$ {
        add_header Cache-Control "no-store";
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
        expires    off;

        if (!-f $request_filename) {
           rewrite ^/static/(version\d*/)?(.*)$ /static.php?resource=$2 last;
        }
    }
    if (!-f $request_filename) {
        rewrite ^/static/(version\d*/)?(.*)$ /static.php?resource=$2 last;
    }
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
}

location /media/ {

## The following section allows to offload image resizing from Magento instance to the Nginx.
## Catalog image URL format should be set accordingly.
## See https://docs.magento.com/user-guide/configuration/general/web.html#url-options
#   location ~* ^/media/catalog/.* {
#
#       # Replace placeholders and uncomment the line below to serve product images from public S3
#       # See examples of S3 authentication at https://github.com/anomalizer/ngx_aws_auth
#       # resolver 8.8.8.8;
#       # proxy_pass https://<bucket-name>.<region-name>.amazonaws.com;
#
#       set $width "-";
#       set $height "-";
#       if ($arg_width != '') {
#           set $width $arg_width;
#       }
#       if ($arg_height != '') {
#           set $height $arg_height;
#       }
#       image_filter resize $width $height;
#       image_filter_jpeg_quality 90;
#   }

    try_files $uri $uri/ /get.php$is_args$args;

    location ~ ^/media/theme_customization/.*\.xml {
        deny all;
    }

    location ~* \.(ico|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|svg|svgz|webp|avif|avifs|js|css|eot|ttf|otf|woff|woff2)$ {
        add_header Cache-Control "public";
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
        expires +1y;
        try_files $uri $uri/ /get.php$is_args$args;
    }
    location ~* \.(zip|gz|gzip|bz2|csv|xml)$ {
        add_header Cache-Control "no-store";
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
        expires    off;
        try_files $uri $uri/ /get.php$is_args$args;
    }
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
}

location /media/customer/ {
    deny all;
}

location /media/downloadable/ {
    deny all;
}

location /media/import/ {
    deny all;
}

location /media/custom_options/ {
    deny all;
}

location /errors/ {
    location ~* \.xml$ {
        deny all;
    }
}

# PHP entry point for main application
location ~ ^/(index|get|static|errors/report|errors/404|errors/503|health_check)\.php$ {
    try_files $uri =404;
    fastcgi_pass   fastcgi_backend;
    fastcgi_buffers 16 16k;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 32k;

    fastcgi_param  PHP_FLAG  "session.auto_start=off \n suhosin.session.cryptua=off";
    fastcgi_param  PHP_VALUE "memory_limit=756M \n max_execution_time=18000";
    fastcgi_read_timeout 600s;
    fastcgi_connect_timeout 600s;

    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include        fastcgi_params;
}

gzip on;
gzip_disable "msie6";

gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_min_length 1100;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_types
    text/plain
    text/css
    text/js
    text/xml
    text/javascript
    application/javascript
    application/x-javascript
    application/json
    application/xml
    application/xml+rss
    image/svg+xml;
gzip_vary on;

# Banned locations (only reached if the earlier PHP entry point regexes don't match)
location ~* (\.php$|\.phtml$|\.htaccess$|\.htpasswd$|\.git) {
    deny all;
}

Thank you for any help you can give me.

[edit]

I have found another configuration file here: `/etc/nginx/nginx.conf' The contents are:

# Server globals
user                    www-data;
worker_processes        auto;
worker_rlimit_nofile    65535;
error_log               /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid                     /var/run/nginx.pid;

include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;

# Worker config
events {
        worker_connections  1024;
        use                 epoll;
        multi_accept        on;
}

http {
    # Main settings
    sendfile                        on;
    tcp_nopush                      on;
    tcp_nodelay                     on;
    client_header_timeout           180s;
    client_body_timeout             180s;
    client_header_buffer_size       32k;
    client_body_buffer_size         4m;
    client_max_body_size            256m;
    large_client_header_buffers     4 8k;
    send_timeout                    60s;
    keepalive_timeout               300s;
    keepalive_requests              100000;
    reset_timedout_connection       on;
    server_tokens                   off;
    server_name_in_redirect         off;
    server_names_hash_max_size      512;
    server_names_hash_bucket_size   512;
    charset                         utf-8;

    # FastCGI settings
    fastcgi_buffers                 8 256k;
    fastcgi_buffer_size             256k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size       512k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size    32m;
    fastcgi_connect_timeout         300s;
    fastcgi_read_timeout            300s;
    fastcgi_send_timeout            180s;
    fastcgi_cache_lock              on;
    fastcgi_cache_lock_timeout      60s;
    fastcgi_cache_background_update on;
    fastcgi_cache_revalidate        on;
    
    # Proxy settings
    proxy_redirect                  off;
    proxy_set_header                Host $host;
    proxy_set_header                X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header                X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_pass_header               Set-Cookie;
    proxy_buffers                   32 4k;
    proxy_connect_timeout           300s;
    proxy_read_timeout              300s;
    proxy_send_timeout              180s;

    # Log format
    log_format  main    '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
                        '"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                        '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    log_format  bytes   '$body_bytes_sent';
    log_not_found off;
    access_log off;

    # Mime settings
    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Compression
    gzip                on;
    gzip_static         on;
    gzip_vary           on;
    gzip_comp_level     6;
    gzip_min_length     1024;
    gzip_buffers        16 8k;
    gzip_http_version   1.1;
    gzip_types          text/plain text/css text/javascript text/js text/xml application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript application/xml application/xml+rss application/x-font-ttf image/svg+xml font/opentype;
    gzip_proxied        any;
    gzip_disable        "MSIE [1-6]\.";

    # Cloudflare https://www.cloudflare.com/ips
    set_real_ip_from 103.21.244.0/22;
    set_real_ip_from 103.22.200.0/22;
    set_real_ip_from 103.31.4.0/22;
    set_real_ip_from 104.16.0.0/13;
    set_real_ip_from 104.24.0.0/14;
    set_real_ip_from 108.162.192.0/18;
    set_real_ip_from 131.0.72.0/22;
    set_real_ip_from 141.101.64.0/18;
    set_real_ip_from 162.158.0.0/15;
    set_real_ip_from 172.64.0.0/13;
    set_real_ip_from 173.245.48.0/20;
    set_real_ip_from 188.114.96.0/20;
    set_real_ip_from 190.93.240.0/20;
    set_real_ip_from 197.234.240.0/22;
    set_real_ip_from 198.41.128.0/17;
    # set_real_ip_from 2400:cb00::/32;
    # set_real_ip_from 2606:4700::/32;
    # set_real_ip_from 2803:f800::/32;
    # set_real_ip_from 2405:b500::/32;
    # set_real_ip_from 2405:8100::/32;
    # set_real_ip_from 2a06:98c0::/29;
    # set_real_ip_from 2c0f:f248::/32;
    real_ip_header     CF-Connecting-IP;

    # SSL PCI compliance
    ssl_session_cache   shared:SSL:20m;
    ssl_session_timeout 60m;
    ssl_buffer_size     1400;
    ssl_protocols       TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    ssl_ciphers         "ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:!DSS";
    ssl_dhparam         /etc/ssl/dhparam.pem;
    ssl_ecdh_curve      secp384r1;
    ssl_session_tickets off;
    resolver 213.186.33.99  valid=300s ipv6=off;
    resolver_timeout    60s;

    # Error pages
    error_page 403 /error/404.html;
    error_page 404 /error/404.html;
    error_page 410 /error/410.html;
    error_page 500 501 502 503 504 505 /error/50x.html;

    # Proxy cache
    proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=2 keys_zone=cache:10m inactive=60m max_size=1024m;
    proxy_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri";
    proxy_temp_path  /var/cache/nginx/temp;
    proxy_ignore_headers Expires Cache-Control;
    proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_502;
    proxy_cache_valid any 1d;

    # FastCGI cache
    fastcgi_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/micro levels=1:2 keys_zone=microcache:10m max_size=1024m inactive=30m;
    fastcgi_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri";
    fastcgi_cache_methods GET HEAD;
    fastcgi_cache_use_stale updating error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503;
    fastcgi_ignore_headers Cache-Control Expires Set-Cookie;
    add_header X-FastCGI-Cache $upstream_cache_status;

    # Cache bypass
    map $http_cookie $no_cache {
        default 0;
        ~SESS 1;
        ~wordpress_logged_in 1;
    }

    # File cache (static assets)
    open_file_cache          max=100000 inactive=180s;
    open_file_cache_valid    120s;
    open_file_cache_min_uses 2;
    open_file_cache_errors   off;

    # Wildcard include
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/domains/*.conf;
}

In case that helps you help me :)