Score:0

Kubernetes plugin is not creating any containers in the cluster even the test connection is successful in jenkins, how to fix that?

kr flag

Kubernetes plugin is not creating any containers in the cluster even the test connection is successful in jenkins, how to fix that?

My jenkins log:

Running from: /usr/share/jenkins/jenkins.war
2023-03-23 02:02:43.441+0000 [id=1] INFO    winstone.Logger#logInternal: Beginning extraction from war file
2023-03-23 02:02:45.158+0000 [id=1] WARNING o.e.j.s.handler.ContextHandler#setContextPath: Empty contextPath
2023-03-23 02:02:45.249+0000 [id=1] INFO    org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server#doStart: jetty-10.0.13; built: 2022-12-07T20:13:20.134Z; git: 1c2636ea05c0ca8de1ffd6ca7f3a98ac084c766d; jvm 11.0.18+10
2023-03-23 02:02:45.742+0000 [id=1] INFO    o.e.j.w.StandardDescriptorProcessor#visitServlet: NO JSP Support for /, did not find org.eclipse.jetty.jsp.JettyJspServlet
2023-03-23 02:02:45.829+0000 [id=1] INFO    o.e.j.s.s.DefaultSessionIdManager#doStart: Session workerName=node0
2023-03-23 02:02:46.476+0000 [id=1] INFO    hudson.WebAppMain#contextInitialized: Jenkins home directory: /var/jenkins_home found at: EnvVars.masterEnvVars.get("JENKINS_HOME")
2023-03-23 02:02:46.723+0000 [id=1] INFO    o.e.j.s.handler.ContextHandler#doStart: Started w.@2b8bd798{Jenkins v2.387.1,/,file:///var/jenkins_cache/war/,AVAILABLE}{/var/jenkins_cache/war}
2023-03-23 02:02:46.741+0000 [id=1] INFO    o.e.j.server.AbstractConnector#doStart: Started ServerConnector@74a6a609{HTTP/1.1, (http/1.1)}{0.0.0.0:8080}
2023-03-23 02:02:46.760+0000 [id=1] INFO    org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server#doStart: Started Server@3543df7d{STARTING}[10.0.13,sto=0] @4189ms
2023-03-23 02:02:46.763+0000 [id=24]    INFO    winstone.Logger#logInternal: Winstone Servlet Engine running: controlPort=disabled
2023-03-23 02:02:47.254+0000 [id=31]    INFO    jenkins.InitReactorRunner$1#onAttained: Started initialization
2023-03-23 02:02:47.326+0000 [id=13]    WARNING h.i.i.InstallUncaughtExceptionHandler#handleException: Caught unhandled exception with ID f8c4cece-715a-4c25-850e-1e51d9ad8395
java.lang.AssertionError: class hudson.security.csrf.DefaultCrumbIssuer is missing its descriptor
    at jenkins.model.Jenkins.getDescriptorOrDie(Jenkins.java:1644)
    at hudson.security.csrf.CrumbIssuer.getDescriptor(CrumbIssuer.java:141)
    at hudson.security.csrf.CrumbFilter.doFilter(CrumbFilter.java:132)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1635)
    at hudson.security.HudsonFilter.doFilter(HudsonFilter.java:170)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1635)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.compression.CompressionFilter.doFilter(CompressionFilter.java:53)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1635)
    at hudson.util.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilter(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:86)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1635)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.DiagnosticThreadNameFilter.doFilter(DiagnosticThreadNameFilter.java:30)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1635)
    at jenkins.security.SuspiciousRequestFilter.doFilter(SuspiciousRequestFilter.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1635)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.doHandle(ServletHandler.java:527)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:131)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.security.SecurityHandler.handle(SecurityHandler.java:549)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:122)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:223)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.session.SessionHandler.doHandle(SessionHandler.java:1570)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:221)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doHandle(ContextHandler.java:1383)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:176)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.doScope(ServletHandler.java:484)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.session.SessionHandler.doScope(SessionHandler.java:1543)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:174)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doScope(ContextHandler.java:1305)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:129)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:122)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.handle(Server.java:563)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.lambda$handle$0(HttpChannel.java:505)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.dispatch(HttpChannel.java:762)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.handle(HttpChannel.java:497)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection.onFillable(HttpConnection.java:282)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.io.AbstractConnection$ReadCallback.succeeded(AbstractConnection.java:314)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.io.FillInterest.fillable(FillInterest.java:100)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.io.SelectableChannelEndPoint$1.run(SelectableChannelEndPoint.java:53)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool.runJob(QueuedThreadPool.java:934)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool$Runner.run(QueuedThreadPool.java:1078)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:829)
2023-03-23 02:02:47.559+0000 [id=31]    INFO    jenkins.InitReactorRunner$1#onAttained: Listed all plugins
2023-03-23 02:02:48.369+0000 [id=13]    WARNING o.e.jetty.server.HttpChannel#handleException: /reload-configuration-as-code/
org.apache.commons.jelly.JellyTagException: jar:file:/var/jenkins_cache/war/WEB-INF/lib/jenkins-core-2.387.1.jar!/lib/layout/view.jelly:42:20: <d:invokeBody> class hudson.security.csrf.DefaultCrumbIssuer is missing its descriptor
    at org.apache.commons.jelly.impl.TagScript.handleException(TagScript.java:738)
    at org.apache.commons.jelly.impl.TagScript.run(TagScript.java:285)
    at org.apache.commons.jelly.impl.ScriptBlock.run(ScriptBlock.java:95)
    at org.apache.commons.jelly.tags.core.CoreTagLibrary$2.run(CoreTagLibrary.java:105)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.jelly.CallTagLibScript.run(CallTagLibScript.java:122)
    at org.apache.commons.jelly.impl.ScriptBlock.run(ScriptBlock.java:95)
    at org.apache.commons.jelly.tags.core.CoreTagLibrary$2.run(CoreTagLibrary.java:105)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.jelly.CallTagLibScript.run(CallTagLibScript.java:122)
    at org.apache.commons.jelly.impl.ScriptBlock.run(ScriptBlock.java:95)
    at org.apache.commons.jelly.tags.core.CoreTagLibrary$2.run(CoreTagLibrary.java:105)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.jelly.JellyViewScript.run(JellyViewScript.java:99)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.jelly.DefaultScriptInvoker.invokeScript(DefaultScriptInvoker.java:66)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.jelly.DefaultScriptInvoker.invokeScript(DefaultScriptInvoker.java:55)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.jelly.ScriptInvoker.execute(ScriptInvoker.java:56)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.jelly.ScriptInvoker.execute(ScriptInvoker.java:43)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.Facet$1.dispatch(Facet.java:240)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.Stapler.tryInvoke(Stapler.java:770)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.Stapler.invoke(Stapler.java:900)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.Stapler.invoke(Stapler.java:698)
    at hudson.init.impl.InstallUncaughtExceptionHandler.handleException(InstallUncaughtExceptionHandler.java:59)
    at hudson.init.impl.InstallUncaughtExceptionHandler.lambda$init$0(InstallUncaughtExceptionHandler.java:33)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.compression.CompressionFilter.reportException(CompressionFilter.java:72)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.compression.CompressionFilter.doFilter(CompressionFilter.java:56)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1635)
    at hudson.util.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilter(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:86)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1635)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.DiagnosticThreadNameFilter.doFilter(DiagnosticThreadNameFilter.java:30)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1635)
    at jenkins.security.SuspiciousRequestFilter.doFilter(SuspiciousRequestFilter.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1635)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.doHandle(ServletHandler.java:527)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:131)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.security.SecurityHandler.handle(SecurityHandler.java:549)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:122)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:223)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.session.SessionHandler.doHandle(SessionHandler.java:1570)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:221)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doHandle(ContextHandler.java:1383)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:176)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.doScope(ServletHandler.java:484)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.session.SessionHandler.doScope(SessionHandler.java:1543)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:174)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doScope(ContextHandler.java:1305)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:129)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:122)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.handle(Server.java:563)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.lambda$handle$0(HttpChannel.java:505)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.dispatch(HttpChannel.java:762)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.handle(HttpChannel.java:497)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection.onFillable(HttpConnection.java:282)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.io.AbstractConnection$ReadCallback.succeeded(AbstractConnection.java:314)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.io.FillInterest.fillable(FillInterest.java:100)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.io.SelectableChannelEndPoint$1.run(SelectableChannelEndPoint.java:53)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool.runJob(QueuedThreadPool.java:934)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool$Runner.run(QueuedThreadPool.java:1078)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:829)
Caused by: java.lang.AssertionError: class hudson.security.csrf.DefaultCrumbIssuer is missing its descriptor
    at jenkins.model.Jenkins.getDescriptorOrDie(Jenkins.java:1644)
    at hudson.security.csrf.CrumbIssuer.getDescriptor(CrumbIssuer.java:141)
    at hudson.Functions.getCrumbRequestField(Functions.java:1997)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
    at org.apache.commons.jexl.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.invoke(UberspectImpl.java:258)
    at org.apache.commons.jexl.parser.ASTMethod.execute(ASTMethod.java:104)
    at org.apache.commons.jexl.parser.ASTReference.execute(ASTReference.java:83)
    at org.apache.commons.jexl.parser.ASTReference.value(ASTReference.java:57)
    at org.apache.commons.jexl.parser.ASTReferenceExpression.value(ASTReferenceExpression.java:51)
    at org.apache.commons.jexl.ExpressionImpl.evaluate(ExpressionImpl.java:80)
    at hudson.ExpressionFactory2$JexlExpression.evaluate(ExpressionFactory2.java:76)
    at org.apache.commons.jelly.expression.ExpressionSupport.evaluateRecurse(ExpressionSupport.java:61)
    at org.apache.commons.jelly.expression.ExpressionSupport.evaluateAsString(ExpressionSupport.java:46)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.jelly.ReallyStaticTagLibrary$1.buildAttributes(ReallyStaticTagLibrary.java:113)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.jelly.ReallyStaticTagLibrary$1.run(ReallyStaticTagLibrary.java:97)
    at org.apache.commons.jelly.impl.ScriptBlock.run(ScriptBlock.java:95)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.jelly.ReallyStaticTagLibrary$1.run(ReallyStaticTagLibrary.java:101)
    at org.apache.commons.jelly.impl.ScriptBlock.run(ScriptBlock.java:95)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.jelly.CallTagLibScript$1.run(CallTagLibScript.java:101)
    at org.apache.commons.jelly.tags.define.InvokeBodyTag.doTag(InvokeBodyTag.java:91)
    at org.apache.commons.jelly.impl.TagScript.run(TagScript.java:265)
    ... 58 more
Caused: javax.servlet.ServletException
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.Facet$1.dispatch(Facet.java:249)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.Stapler.tryInvoke(Stapler.java:770)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.Stapler.invoke(Stapler.java:900)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.Stapler.invoke(Stapler.java:698)
    at hudson.init.impl.InstallUncaughtExceptionHandler.handleException(InstallUncaughtExceptionHandler.java:59)
    at hudson.init.impl.InstallUncaughtExceptionHandler.lambda$init$0(InstallUncaughtExceptionHandler.java:33)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.compression.CompressionFilter.reportException(CompressionFilter.java:72)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.compression.CompressionFilter.doFilter(CompressionFilter.java:56)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1635)
    at hudson.util.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilter(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:86)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1635)
    at org.kohsuke.stapler.DiagnosticThreadNameFilter.doFilter(DiagnosticThreadNameFilter.java:30)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1635)
    at jenkins.security.SuspiciousRequestFilter.doFilter(SuspiciousRequestFilter.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.FilterHolder.doFilter(FilterHolder.java:202)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$Chain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1635)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.doHandle(ServletHandler.java:527)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:131)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.security.SecurityHandler.handle(SecurityHandler.java:549)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:122)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:223)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.session.SessionHandler.doHandle(SessionHandler.java:1570)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:221)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doHandle(ContextHandler.java:1383)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:176)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.doScope(ServletHandler.java:484)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.session.SessionHandler.doScope(SessionHandler.java:1543)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:174)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doScope(ContextHandler.java:1305)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:129)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:122)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.handle(Server.java:563)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.lambda$handle$0(HttpChannel.java:505)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.dispatch(HttpChannel.java:762)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.handle(HttpChannel.java:497)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection.onFillable(HttpConnection.java:282)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.io.AbstractConnection$ReadCallback.succeeded(AbstractConnection.java:314)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.io.FillInterest.fillable(FillInterest.java:100)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.io.SelectableChannelEndPoint$1.run(SelectableChannelEndPoint.java:53)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool.runJob(QueuedThreadPool.java:934)
    at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool$Runner.run(QueuedThreadPool.java:1078)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:829)
2023-03-23 02:02:53.038+0000 [id=30]    INFO    jenkins.InitReactorRunner$1#onAttained: Prepared all plugins
2023-03-23 02:02:53.121+0000 [id=30]    INFO    jenkins.InitReactorRunner$1#onAttained: Started all plugins
2023-03-23 02:02:53.253+0000 [id=31]    INFO    jenkins.InitReactorRunner$1#onAttained: Augmented all extensions
WARNING: An illegal reflective access operation has occurred
WARNING: Illegal reflective access by org.codehaus.groovy.vmplugin.v7.Java7$1 (file:/var/jenkins_cache/war/WEB-INF/lib/groovy-all-2.4.21.jar) to constructor java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup(java.lang.Class,int)
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of org.codehaus.groovy.vmplugin.v7.Java7$1
WARNING: Use --illegal-access=warn to enable warnings of further illegal reflective access operations
WARNING: All illegal access operations will be denied in a future release
2023-03-23 02:02:55.446+0000 [id=30]    INFO    jenkins.InitReactorRunner$1#onAttained: System config loaded
2023-03-23 02:02:55.745+0000 [id=30]    WARNING i.j.p.casc.BaseConfigurator#createAttribute: Can't handle class org.csanchez.jenkins.plugins.kubernetes.PodTemplate#listener: type is abstract but not Describable.
2023-03-23 02:02:56.330+0000 [id=30]    WARNING i.j.p.casc.BaseConfigurator#createAttribute: Can't handle class org.csanchez.jenkins.plugins.kubernetes.PodTemplate#listener: type is abstract but not Describable.
2023-03-23 02:02:56.758+0000 [id=30]    INFO    jenkins.InitReactorRunner$1#onAttained: System config adapted
2023-03-23 02:02:56.759+0000 [id=31]    INFO    jenkins.InitReactorRunner$1#onAttained: Loaded all jobs
2023-03-23 02:02:56.761+0000 [id=31]    INFO    jenkins.InitReactorRunner$1#onAttained: Configuration for all jobs updated
2023-03-23 02:02:56.792+0000 [id=32]    INFO    jenkins.InitReactorRunner$1#onAttained: Completed initialization
2023-03-23 02:02:56.846+0000 [id=22]    INFO    hudson.lifecycle.Lifecycle#onReady: Jenkins is fully up and running
2023-03-23 02:02:57.710+0000 [id=18]    INFO    i.j.p.casc.TokenReloadAction#doIndex: Configuration reload triggered via token
2023-03-23 02:02:57.730+0000 [id=18]    WARNING i.j.p.casc.BaseConfigurator#createAttribute: Can't handle class org.csanchez.jenkins.plugins.kubernetes.PodTemplate#listener: type is abstract but not Describable.
2023-03-23 02:02:58.430+0000 [id=18]    WARNING i.j.p.casc.BaseConfigurator#createAttribute: Can't handle class org.csanchez.jenkins.plugins.kubernetes.PodTemplate#listener: type is abstract but not Describable.
mangohost

Post an answer

Most people don’t grasp that asking a lot of questions unlocks learning and improves interpersonal bonding. In Alison’s studies, for example, though people could accurately recall how many questions had been asked in their conversations, they didn’t intuit the link between questions and liking. Across four studies, in which participants were engaged in conversations themselves or read transcripts of others’ conversations, people tended not to realize that question asking would influence—or had influenced—the level of amity between the conversationalists.