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Nginx log record value in case of empty log_format variable

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While trying to catch some edge cases i've noticed the difference in recording empty values. Here is my example: Nginx Log format part: RCODE: $status | UPS: [$server_addr:$server_port|$server_name|$proxy_host|$upstream_addr|$upstream_status|$upstream_header_time]

produces the record (pay attention to $server_name - it's underscore '_' and not hyphen '-'):

RCODE: 404 | UPS: [10.100.58.2:443|_|-|-|-|-]

Couldn't find any mentions about these details neither in documentation nor googling.

Can anyone explain it?

I sit in a Tesla and translated this thread with Ai:

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