This indeed is a helpful post but if you are stuck with no network, and you do not have onboard WiFi or a WiFi adapter, you can't install make/gcc to compile the driver. Additionally, these are the latest drivers available for this NIC: http://e1000.sourceforge.net. This resource is officially recommended by Intel, per the readme in release 25.2 (latest) of Intel's driver bundle:
Release 25.2 is the last release that contains the Linux e1000e
driver. Maintenance for this driver will be continued by the
community.
and additionally (also per Intel):
Due to the continuous development of the Linux kernel, the drivers are
updated more often than the bundled releases. The latest driver can be
found on http://e1000.sourceforge.net and on
http://downloadcenter.intel.com
The easiest way to solve this issue is to install Ubuntu 20.04.2 HWE, which includes the drivers for this NIC out of the box, but if you can/want to compile the latest drivers, use the Sourceforge repository.
The HWE kernel can be installed with the following command:
sudo apt install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-20.04
PS: Use these cmds to check for HW type and driver version:
lspci -nnk | grep -A2 Ethernet
OR
modinfo e1000e