It seems like you've swapped your default driver for a legacy version of the same. The old one should still be on your machine. To load it, first run:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
Theoretically, this should fix it, I believe. dpkg, the known-packages database, looks for the most current versions with the update and installs them with the upgrade.
Check your wifi. If it still doesn't work, reboot and try wifi once more. If you still cannot connect try this:
If you go into the applications menu, there should be a program called ubuntu update or similar. Go here and run the program to look for new drivers. It should find the original drivers.
. EDIT 1
Okay, if the settings are't showing, you can should be able to pull them out manually with this:
nmcli networking on
nmcli radio wifi
nmcli connection show
This is shorthand for network-manager cli. It was written by a 3rd party as an "interface" to network-manager and subsequently included in the default build because network manager, the program that is probably failing you is so frustrating to work with from the command line. However you can use either tool to solve your issue. I recommend checking out the man pages with man nlmcli.
Anyway, confirm that, all fields contain values for the output row that contains your router's name. If you have colored output, you will need two values from the output of nmcli. The first item you need is your UUID for your device (router) connection. It's the long string of random hex digits from the nmcli command's stdout. Copy with [Ctrl]+[Shift]+[C].
The second command is as follows:
nmcli connection up --ask uuid <UUID> ifname <DEVICE>
..where is the name of the interface, which is just an abstraction that udev (device manager) uses for your physical router. Youv'e likely already noticed, but that can be copied from the same output above.
If everything goes well, the output for this one should be internet!
If you get an error on the last one, check spelling of the device name. The '1' and 'l' characters are almost identical in my default font in Bash.
If it still doesn't work, post output to a comment or question if it is long. I still have a few more angles.
. EDIT 2
I didn't notice yesterday that your wifi is soft blocked.
Try this:
sudo rfkill unblock wlan
then, if it doesnt start automatically, first rerun the lspci command to ensure that the soft block was not reinforced. if it still says soft blocked: yes then run these commands to unblock:
rfkill unblock wlan
systemctl enable wlan.service
systemctl start wlan.service
otherwise, if lspci is showing soft blocked: no, but your wifi is still disabled, then you can use the steps laid out in edit #1 above to get it back.
