As others have said in comments, it’s a bit of a broad question relating to what might happen.
My approach would be -
I don’t agree with the ‘so there will be no problems’ in your comment.
As soon as you are doing something as ‘invasive’ as installing a new release of your os over another in a dual boot system, almost anything bad could happen even though it will probably be fine. Assume there is a chance that any of these things happen (and more) -
- it’s all fine, new Ubuntu release works fine and you keep your old home folder
- installs fine but you have to manually copy your documents etc over
- failure to install the latest version of Ubuntu but the 16.04 release is damaged in the process
- after trying to install, you may find you can’t boot into windows
- small chance that nothing will boot up after your attempted upgrade, ie you have to start from scratch with installing both os’s.
Depending on your it skills, you may well be able to get back in even if windows disappears from the boot menu but you’ll need to know what you’re doing!
So the first thing to do is assume the worst and back up absolutely everything on both os’s and then try installing Ubuntu in the previous 16.04 partition. I’d also download and prepare the windows and Ubuntu installation media before starting so you can reinstall if it all goes wrong.
Lastly, assume this may well take time - ie to remedy any problems - so don’t start it in a short time window when you know you’ll need the computer soon after. Please excuse me if I’m stating things that are obvious to you.
I appreciate it’s not a complete answer to your question (hopefully others can answer the specifics), but please do work on the assumption it may not go smoothly!