no outbounds on previously openvpn'd server

I am running a LXC container that is VPN'd onto another site which was working fine until recently. For some reason, I cannot get any outbound connections when I am not root, with ovpn running or not.

smserver@sm-borealis:~$ ping google.com; echo "$?"
2
smserver@sm-borealis:~$ sudo ping google.com  
PING google.com (142.251.46.238) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from sfo03s27-in-f14.1e100.net (142.251.46.238): icmp_seq=1 ttl=115 time=19.4 ms
64 bytes from sfo03s27-in-f14.1e100.net (142.251.46.238): icmp_seq=2 ttl=115 time=18.5 ms
64 bytes from sfo03s27-in-f14.1e100.net (142.251.46.238): icmp_seq=3 ttl=115 time=18.2 ms
^C
--- google.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 18.153/18.690/19.398/0.522 ms
smserver@sm-borealis:~$ sudo networkctl
IDX LINK TYPE     OPERATIONAL SETUP     
  1 lo   loopback carrier     unmanaged
  2 eth0 ether    routable    configured

2 links listed.
smserver@sm-borealis:~$ sudo ufw status  
Status: active

To                         Action      From
--                         ------      ----
Samba                      ALLOW       Anywhere                  
25700:25759/tcp            ALLOW       Anywhere                  
8006                       ALLOW       Anywhere                  
65333                      ALLOW       Anywhere                  
Samba (v6)                 ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             
25700:25759/tcp (v6)       ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             
8006 (v6)                  ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             
65333 (v6)                 ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             

smserver@sm-borealis:~$ sudo systemctl status ufw
* ufw.service - Uncomplicated firewall
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/ufw.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (exited) since Sun 2022-11-27 17:19:18 UTC; 4min 27s ago
       Docs: man:ufw(8)
    Process: 93 ExecStart=/lib/ufw/ufw-init start quiet (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 93 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
        CPU: 50ms
smserver@sm-borealis:~$ dig google.com

; <<>> DiG 9.18.1-1ubuntu1-Ubuntu <<>> google.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 16353
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;google.com.                    IN      A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com.             56      IN      A       142.251.46.238

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 10.0.1.106#53(10.0.1.106) (UDP)
;; WHEN: Sun Nov 27 17:24:05 UTC 2022
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 55

There is no real activity in the syslog. Literally anything that works on the network does not work unless I'm root.

I have tried resetting ufw's rules (ufw reset) and reinstating them, but I still get no luck. As you can see, the DNS resolver still works.