Let's explore the service files to see what info is available:
$ cat /lib/systemd/system/apt-news.service
[Unit]
Description=Update APT News
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/bin/python3 /usr/lib/ubuntu-advantage/apt_news.py
$ cat /lib/systemd/system/esm-cache.service
# The ESM apt cache will maintain information about what ESM updates are
# available to a system. This information will be presented to users in the apt
# output, or when running pro security-status. These caches are maintained
# entirely outside the system apt configuration to avoid interference with user
# definitions. This service updates those caches. This will only have effect
# on releases where ESM is applicable, starting from Xenial: esm-apps for
# every LTS, and esm-infra for systems in expanded support period after the LTS
# expires.
[Unit]
Description=Update the local ESM caches
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/bin/python3 /usr/lib/ubuntu-advantage/esm_cache.py
The esm-cache.service is a little more generous with information about its purpose, while the apt-news.service don't really clarify much. However, 'APT News' was mentioned recently in another question, and one can conclude that it's connected to this apt prompt.
Inspecting the apt history further, it seems these services were installed with ubuntu-advantage-tools version 27.13.X. (For me, this was rolled out with version 27.13.1 on 2023-01-27 for arm64 and with version 27.13.2 on 2023-01-29 for x64.)
Since these services seem to only provide additional information in connection to running apt (and pro security-status), they should be safe to disable.
This is done by simply masking the service units from systemd, like this:
$ sudo systemctl mask apt-news.service
$ sudo systemctl mask esm-cache.service
In addition, you can disable the entire apt ESM hook by doing the following: (Thanks gatomon & Kelly)
$ sudo mv /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20apt-esm-hook.conf /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20apt-esm-hook.conf.disabled
Now, the services never run anymore, and the entire apt ESM hook has been disabled.
Important notice
Automatic update of ubuntu-advantage-tools can break this configuration, and in addition a condition can be introduced where ubuntu-advantage-tools are not properly configured after an automatic update if the 20apt-esm-hook.conf file is moved.
In this case, it is advised to install ubuntu-advantage-tools manually again to get it properly configured:
sudo apt install ubuntu-advantage-tools
After this, it may be necessary to configure the apt ESM hook to be disabled again.
