I am getting the same error after installing Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS yesterday, although I am having no obvious consequences; my network connection works. This is obviously an inherent problem with Ubuntu since I made no changes and the problem occurred immediately. I am also getting the same error regarding firefox:amd64, but with no noticeable consequences. It's possible this is a result of my choosing the Minimal installation, and/or choosing to download updates during installation.
Since we have the same error, there is probably nothing wrong with the ISO's integrity. There is something wrong with Ubuntu on the developers' end, not ours.
Sorry this isn't much of an answer; I don't have enough reputation to make a comment.
In full, Ubuntu tells me "An error occurred, please run Package Manager from the right-click menu or apt-get in a terminal to see what is wrong. The error message was: ' Unknown Error: '<class 'KeyError'>' ("the cache has no package named 'linux-headers-5.19.0-50-generic:amd64'")'. This usually means that your installed packages have unmet dependencies".
There is no Package Manager in the right-click menu and I don't know how to make apt-get tell me what is wrong. Does anyone know?
Edit: running the Software Updater seems to have fixed it, but I don't know why this happened in the first place since I told Ubuntu to download updates during installation.