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gdb-multiarch cannot recognize my arm binary file

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I want to use gdb-multiarch to remote debug arm code running in qemu. Below is my mk script:

ARM=arm-none-eabi
QEMU=qemu-system-arm

$ARM-as -o ts.o ts.s -g
$ARM-ld -T t.ld -o t.elf ts.o
$ARM-nm t.elf
$ARM-objcopy -O binary t.elf t.bin

dd if=t.bin of=flash.bin bs=4096 conv=notrunc

$QEMU -s -S -M realview-pbx-a9 -kernel t.bin -nographic -serial /dev/null

however, when I type gdb-multiarch ./t.bin, it shows "t.bin": not in executable format: file format not recognized.

The output of file t.bin is : t.bin: data.

What should I do to correctly debug t.bin file?

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