pip disappeared after system upgrade

I upgraded from 22.10 to 23.04 just now without any problems. However, after the upgrade my pip is not working and I cannot figure out how to make it working again.

If i just want to call it:

pip
bash: /usr/local/bin/pip: cannot execute: required file not found

With sudo:

sudo pip
sudo: unable to execute /usr/local/bin/pip: No such file or directory

The executables are seemingly there:

ls -la /usr/local/bin/pip*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 224 febr  21 12:13 /usr/local/bin/pip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 224 febr  21 12:13 /usr/local/bin/pip3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 224 febr  21 12:13 /usr/local/bin/pip3.10

If I call it within python (w conda):

python3 -m pip
/home/gerdos/miniconda3/bin/python3: No module named pip.__main__; 'pip' is a package and cannot be directly executed

Without conda it seems to work, but acting strange:

python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
error: externally-managed-environment

× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
    python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian-packaged Python package,
    create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.
    Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip. Make
    sure you have python3-full installed.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian packaged Python application,
    it may be easiest to use pipx install xyz, which will manage a
    virtual environment for you. Make sure you have pipx installed.
    
    See /usr/share/doc/python3.11/README.venv for more information.

note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages.
hint: See PEP 668 for the detailed specification.

I already tried to remove and install pip with apt, but it did not help.

sudo apt remove python-pip
sudo apt install python-pip

I use python 90% of the time I use my laptop, it would be essential for me to make pip and conda work properly. I have absolutely no idea what is going on.

So I found this answer: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/75602063/pip-install-r-requirements-txt-is-failing-this-environment-is-externally-manag

I understand the error: externally-managed-environment, however the rest of the question still stands. I guess my conda is broken?

FWIW, on Ubuntu 20.04 I have been using

$ python3 -m pip --help
...

$ python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
  Downloading pip-23.2.1-py3-none-any.whl (2.1 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 2.1 MB 1.2 MB/s 
Installing collected packages: pip
Successfully installed pip-23.2.1
$

× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
    python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.

sudo apt install python3-pip