No supported release has a higher priority over another supported release.
CVE mitigations for different releases may appear at different times for many possible reasons.
A common generic reason is simply that mitigating a CVE in Release A may be easy while Release B is more difficult. Or sometimes the mitigation for one release might fail testing. In cases like these, the successful mitigation for Release A will be uploaded while work continues upon Release B.
Another reason, is that it's evaluated priority is simply too low to work yet with the resources available: Nobody has complained. The priority is "Medium". Nobody has triaged it. There are other, higher priority CVEs to work sooner.
You specifically mentioned specific CVE-2022-40982, so let's look at this excerpt from https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2022-40982, captured on 14-08-2023: You can see that all supported releases except one have a released mitigation. Check your package version in apt to see if you have the patched version installed. Most users receive the [atched version automatically via Unattended Upgrades.
Folks who disagree with the Ubuntu Security Team's evaluation of "Medium", or who have discovered this vulnerability being exploited in the wild, should please discuss your concerns directly with the Ubuntu Security Team. They are very nice, and will listen. Don't discuss them here - AskUbuntu is not the Security Team.