I run Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS on a Dell laptop.
I noticed that I have quite a few kernels that are non-generic, but I don't know how they got installed.
The kernels ending in -azure, -aws, -nvidia, and -gcp do not work for me at all. Only the -lowlatency, -oem and of course -generic work for me. Not sure about -oracle kernel as I have not tried booting from that one.
I presume that those ending in -azure and -aws are the so-called cloud-optimised kernels ( https://ubuntu.com/blog/cloud-optimized-linux-kernels ) ? These do not work for me during boot, stuck at either "Loading initial ramdisk" or it cannot read my volume group vgubuntu, which I presume makes sense as they are meant for the cloud and not desktop / laptop.
My questions really are :
- How did they get installed when I don't recall specifically choosing / installing these kernels ?
- How do I prevent them from being installed in the future ?
- Also, what are the
-nvidia and -gcp kernels ?
$ dpkg --list | grep linux-image | grep ^ii
ii linux-image-5.15.0-1031-nvidia 5.15.0-1031.31 amd64 Signed kernel image nvidia
ii linux-image-5.15.0-1038-intel-iotg 5.15.0-1038.43 amd64 Signed kernel image intel-iotg
ii linux-image-5.15.0-1040-gcp 5.15.0-1040.48 amd64 Signed kernel image gcp
ii linux-image-5.15.0-1043-aws 5.15.0-1043.48 amd64 Signed kernel image aws
ii linux-image-5.15.0-82-generic 5.15.0-82.91 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-5.15.0-82-lowlatency 5.15.0-82.91 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
ii linux-image-5.17.0-1035-oem 5.17.0-1035.36 amd64 Signed kernel image oem
ii linux-image-5.19.0-1027-oracle 5.19.0-1027.30 amd64 Signed kernel image oracle
ii linux-image-5.19.0-50-generic 5.19.0-50.50 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-6.0.0-1020-oem 6.0.0-1020.20 amd64 Signed kernel image oem
ii linux-image-6.1.0-1020-oem 6.1.0-1020.20 amd64 Signed kernel image oem
ii linux-image-6.2.0-1003-nvidia 6.2.0-1003.3~22.04.1+1 amd64 Signed kernel image nvidia
ii linux-image-6.2.0-1008-azure 6.2.0-1008.8~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image azure
ii linux-image-6.2.0-1010-aws 6.2.0-1010.10~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image aws
ii linux-image-6.2.0-1011-lowlatency 6.2.0-1011.11~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image lowlatency
ii linux-image-6.2.0-1012-gcp 6.2.0-1012.12~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image gcp
ii linux-image-6.2.0-31-generic 6.2.0-31.31~22.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-generic 5.15.0.82.78 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
ii linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04 6.2.0.31.31~22.04.8 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
