can I propagate with NTP the local (CET/CEST) time towards my LAN
clients, or are there any other method to do this?
No, not with NTP. NTP has no concept of local time at all, its all UTC. All the packet contains is a few time stamps with seconds and fractions of a second from an epoch.
Do not attempt to configure "wrong" offset NTP servers to do local time zone offsets. I have never seen this work, it makes good robust NTP configurations difficult.
General purpose computers have (and keep updated) a tz database such that they can be configured with say Europe/Berlin
and have correct local time even when the rules change.
A rugged, embedded, or otherwise dumb computer may not have a tzdata package, or a means to update it, or reasonable time and date software. Almost certainly your PLC is lacking some of these. That KB article on how to sync time to controllers is missing details on what format or time zone everything is in, which doesn't raise my confidence that internally is a reasonable UTC clock with time zone offsets.
Unfortunately your options may be limited to exporting data to a system with a full featured clock, leaving it on UTC forever, or cursing daylight savings time every year when fixing offsets.