My question is, would GCS Fuse ever be deployed in a production application? In other words, what is the use case?
No, never - but that's nothing to do with it being GCS or Fuse, it's the Beta bit that answers that question for me.
This site is specifically for PROFESSIONAL sysadmins and system designers - it's the first thing we say in the help pages, and most if not all pro's in this field have a series of priorities that we stick to.
The most important role I, and many others believe we, have is not to keep live service up 100%, that's very important but it's second on the list, the most important one is to ensure live service CAN be brought up in the event of something stopping live service.
There's no point in keeping a system running if it can't be restarted, either in-place or at say a DR site.
And the concept of using beta, thus unsupported/badly-supported, software flies in the face of all of this.
We need our infrastructure, whether hardware or software, to be supportable - because we need help, often, nobody can do everything on their own (that's what this site is for), it's a team-sport, and thus we need to know our environments can be supported - by us and by the support network around us.
Beta doesn't cut it, it's not professional, not until it's fully supported, and then it's not beta :)