Apache Redirect HTTP To HTTPS Not Working

I am trying to force redirecting all HTTP traffic to HTTPS using my httpd.conf file on my Apache server.

Expected behaviour: When users visit http://example.com, they should get redirected to https://example.com/.

Actual behaviour: When users visit http://example.com, they stay at the same link and an error message is shown by the browser (This site can’t be reached, http://example.com/ refused to connect).

This is my httpd.conf code:

Listen 443

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
    ServerName "example.com"
    ServerAlias "www.example.com"
    Redirect permanent / "https://example.com/"

    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
    RewriteRule (.*) https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R,L]

</VirtualHost>

I also have a httpd-le-ssl.conf file which defines configs for my HTTPS port. The HTTPS link works perfectly fine, I had installed the certificate using certbot.

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
<VirtualHost *:443>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
    ServerName "example.com"
    ServerAlias "www.example.com"
Include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-apache.conf
SSLCertificateFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem
</VirtualHost>
</IfModule>

What I Have Tried:

1. Tried removing "Redirect permanent" and keeping only the RewriteEngine rules in httpd.conf
2. Tried removing RewriteEngine rules and keeping only "Redirect permanent" rule in httpd.conf
3. Tried keeping both in .htaccess file in my document root /var/www/html
4. Tried keeping both in .htaccess file in /var/www/

Links:

1. Full httpd.conf source code