This is what links in Linux allow to do. Using links, you can refer to the same data from within different folders.
Linux knows hard links and symbolic links. For practical purposes, you can use symbolic links, which work also across partitions.
Your file manager allows to create symbolic links in different ways.
- Mouse: Hold ctrl+Shift pressed and drag a file or folder. You see that the cursor adopted a specific shape, hinting you that you will create a link when releasing the mouse button.
- Keyboard - 1: Press Ctrl+c as you usually would do to copy a selected file or folder. When in the destination folder, hit Ctrl+m to create a symbolic link to the copied item.
- Keyboard - 2: Select one or more files and folders. Hit Ctrl+Shift+m to create links to all selected items in the same folder. You can then move these links to their final location.
- Right-click menu: You can include a "Create Link" option in the right-click menu by enabling this in the Preferences.
Hard links are not exposed in the user interface. They allow to create file entries in different folders that are in no way distinguishable from the original file: you cannot tell which one is the link and which one is the original - both entries are fully equivalent. Such links, however, only work within the same file system (partition).