First, you have to create a new macro that reloads the content of the sheet by following these steps:
Open LibreOffice Calc.
Go to Tools → Macros → Organize Macros → Basic...
In the window that open, expand My Macros, select Standard, and click New.
In the window that opens paste the following (found here):
Sub SilentlyReload
ThisComponent.setModified(False) 'Ignore changes'
document = ThisComponent.CurrentController.Frame
dispatcher = createUnoService("com.sun.star.frame.DispatchHelper")
dispatcher.executeDispatch(document, ".uno:Reload", "", 0, Array())
End Sub
Press Ctrl+S to save the macro and close the window.
Now try to see if the macro works:
Change the content of a file outside of LibreOffice Calc, while having LibreOffice Calc open.
Go to Tools → Macros → Run Macro...
In the window that opens expand My Macros, expand Standard, select Module 1 and click Run.
Finally, if the macro works and the content is reloaded, you can add it to a shortcut as follows:
Go to Tools → Customize...
In the window that opens, select the shortcut you wish to use for the macro, for example F3, in the Shortcut Keys section.
In the Category section select LibreOffice Macros → My Macros, expand Standard, select Module 1.
In the Function section select SilentlyReload.
Click Modify and then OK.
You should now be able to reload your LibreOffice Calc sheet by pressing the F3 key.