Score:0

Dummy Output - Pulseaudio card profiles not loaded - Help!

br flag

My sound system is replaced by a 'Dummy output'. The issue comes and goes, I really don't know how to address it. The problem persists even after reinstalling ubuntu and running a live image.

I've tried reloading Pulseaudio and Alsa, reinstalling packets, editing the alsa-base.conf, adding my user to the audio group. No help.

  • I noticed that when the problem occurs, analog profiles are not loaded from pulseaudio, as seen in the pacmd list-cards output

For reference, I've found a dump of a correct execution of the pulseaudio deamon https://forum.manjaro.org/t/sound-not-working-after-upgrading-from-alsa-to-pulse-audio/81013/4

$ inxi -SA
System:
  Host: frejol-UX330UAK Kernel: 5.11.0-43-generic x86_64 bits: 64 
  Desktop: Gnome 3.36.9 Distro: Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS (Focal Fossa) 
Audio:
  Device-1: Intel Sunrise Point-LP HD Audio driver: snd_hda_intel 
  Sound Server: ALSA v: k5.11.0-43-generic 
$ sudo lshw -C multimedia
  *-usb:0                   
       description: Video
       product: USB2.0 HD UVC WebCam
       vendor: 04081-0009610016301027633
       physical id: 5
       bus info: usb@1:5
       version: 0.01
       serial: 200901010001
       capabilities: usb-2.00
       configuration: driver=uvcvideo maxpower=500mA speed=480Mbit/s
  *-multimedia
       description: Audio device
       product: Sunrise Point-LP HD Audio
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 1f.3
       bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3
       version: 21
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list
       configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=32
       resources: irq:129 memory:ef128000-ef12bfff memory:ef100000-ef10ffff
$ lspci -nnk | grep -A 1 Audio
00:1f.3 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP HD Audio [8086:9d71] (rev 21)
    Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Sunrise Point-LP HD Audio [1043:1520]
    Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
$ pacmd list-cards
1 card(s) available.
    index: 0
    name: <alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1f.3>
    driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
    owner module: 20
    properties:
        alsa.card = "0"
        alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH"
        alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0xef128000 irq 129"
        alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
        device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1f.3"
        sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3/sound/card0"
        device.bus = "pci"
        device.vendor.id = "8086"
        device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
        device.product.id = "9d71"
        device.product.name = "Sunrise Point-LP HD Audio"
        device.form_factor = "internal"
        device.string = "0"
        device.description = "Built-in Audio"
        module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
        device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
    profiles:
        output:hdmi-stereo: Digital Stereo (HDMI) Output (priority 5900, available: no)
        output:hdmi-surround: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI) Output (priority 800, available: no)
        output:hdmi-surround71: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI) Output (priority 800, available: no)
        output:hdmi-stereo-extra1: Digital Stereo (HDMI 2) Output (priority 5700, available: no)
        output:hdmi-surround-extra1: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI 2) Output (priority 600, available: no)
        output:hdmi-surround71-extra1: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI 2) Output (priority 600, available: no)
        output:hdmi-stereo-extra2: Digital Stereo (HDMI 3) Output (priority 5700, available: no)
        output:hdmi-surround-extra2: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI 3) Output (priority 600, available: no)
        output:hdmi-surround71-extra2: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI 3) Output (priority 600, available: no)
        output:hdmi-stereo-extra3: Digital Stereo (HDMI 4) Output (priority 5700, available: no)
        output:hdmi-surround-extra3: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI 4) Output (priority 600, available: no)
        output:hdmi-surround71-extra3: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI 4) Output (priority 600, available: no)
        output:hdmi-stereo-extra4: Digital Stereo (HDMI 5) Output (priority 5700, available: no)
        output:hdmi-surround-extra4: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI 5) Output (priority 600, available: no)
        output:hdmi-surround71-extra4: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI 5) Output (priority 600, available: no)
        off: Off (priority 0, available: unknown)
    active profile: <off>
    ports:
        hdmi-output-0: HDMI / DisplayPort (priority 5900, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
            properties:
                device.icon_name = "video-display"
        hdmi-output-1: HDMI / DisplayPort 2 (priority 5800, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
            properties:
                device.icon_name = "video-display"
        hdmi-output-2: HDMI / DisplayPort 3 (priority 5700, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
            properties:
                device.icon_name = "video-display"
        hdmi-output-3: HDMI / DisplayPort 4 (priority 5600, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
            properties:
                device.icon_name = "video-display"
        hdmi-output-4: HDMI / DisplayPort 5 (priority 5500, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
            properties:
                device.icon_name = "video-display"
$ pacmd dump
### Configuration dump generated at Mon Jan  3 07:40:42 2022

load-module module-device-restore
load-module module-stream-restore
load-module module-card-restore
load-module module-augment-properties
load-module module-switch-on-port-available
load-module module-switch-on-connect
load-module module-udev-detect
load-module module-alsa-card device_id="0" name="pci-0000_00_1f.3" card_name="alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1f.3" namereg_fail=false tsched=yes fixed_latency_range=no ignore_dB=no deferred_volume=yes use_ucm=yes avoid_resampling=no card_properties="module-udev-detect.discovered=1"
load-module module-native-protocol-unix
load-module module-default-device-restore
load-module module-always-sink
load-module module-null-sink sink_name=auto_null sink_properties='device.description="Dummy Output"'
load-module module-intended-roles
load-module module-suspend-on-idle
load-module module-console-kit
load-module module-systemd-login
load-module module-position-event-sounds
load-module module-role-cork
load-module module-snap-policy
load-module module-filter-heuristics
load-module module-filter-apply
load-module module-x11-publish display=:0 xauthority=/run/user/1000/gdm/Xauthority
load-module module-x11-cork-request display=:0 xauthority=/run/user/1000/gdm/Xauthority
load-module module-x11-xsmp display=:0 xauthority=/run/user/1000/gdm/Xauthority session_manager=local/frejol-UX330UAK:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/1985,unix/frejol-UX330UAK:/tmp/.ICE-unix/1985
load-module module-cli-protocol-unix

set-sink-volume auto_null 0x10000
set-sink-mute auto_null no
suspend-sink auto_null no

set-source-volume auto_null.monitor 0x10000
set-source-mute auto_null.monitor no
suspend-source auto_null.monitor no

set-card-profile alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1f.3 off

set-default-sink auto_null
set-default-source auto_null.monitor

### EOF
$ lsmod | grep snd

snd_hda_codec_hdmi     61440  1
snd_soc_skl           159744  0
snd_soc_hdac_hda       24576  1 snd_soc_skl
snd_hda_ext_core       32768  2 snd_soc_hdac_hda,snd_soc_skl
snd_soc_sst_ipc        20480  1 snd_soc_skl
snd_soc_sst_dsp        36864  1 snd_soc_skl
snd_soc_acpi_intel_match    49152  1 snd_soc_skl
snd_soc_acpi           16384  2 snd_soc_acpi_intel_match,snd_soc_skl
snd_hda_intel          53248  1
snd_intel_dspcfg       28672  2 snd_hda_intel,snd_soc_skl
soundwire_intel        40960  1 snd_intel_dspcfg
snd_hda_codec         147456  3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_soc_hdac_hda
snd_hda_core           94208  6 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_ext_core,snd_hda_codec,snd_soc_hdac_hda,snd_soc_skl
snd_hwdep              16384  1 snd_hda_codec
snd_soc_core          286720  3 soundwire_intel,snd_soc_hdac_hda,snd_soc_skl
snd_compress           28672  1 snd_soc_core
ac97_bus               16384  1 snd_soc_core
snd_pcm_dmaengine      16384  1 snd_soc_core
snd_pcm               114688  9 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,soundwire_intel,snd_compress,snd_soc_core,snd_soc_skl,snd_hda_core,snd_pcm_dmaengine
snd_seq_midi           20480  0
snd_seq_midi_event     16384  1 snd_seq_midi
snd_rawmidi            36864  1 snd_seq_midi
snd_seq                73728  2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event
snd_seq_device         16384  3 snd_seq,snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi
snd_timer              40960  2 snd_seq,snd_pcm
snd                    94208  13 snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hwdep,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_timer,snd_compress,snd_soc_core,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi
soundcore              16384  1 snd
$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 9: HDMI 3 [HDMI 3]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 10: HDMI 4 [HDMI 4]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
$ pulseaudio -v
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: setrlimit(RLIMIT_NICE, (31, 31)) failed: Operation not permitted
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: setrlimit(RLIMIT_RTPRIO, (9, 9)) failed: Operation not permitted
I: [pulseaudio] core-util.c: Successfully gained nice level -11.
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: This is PulseAudio 13.99.1
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: Page size is 4096 bytes
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: Machine ID is d56524bdbbea43738a0de327498c40a0.
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: Using runtime directory /run/user/1000/pulse.
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: Using state directory /home/frejol/.config/pulse.
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: Using modules directory /usr/lib/pulse-13.99.1/modules.
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: Running in system mode: no
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: System supports high resolution timers
I: [pulseaudio] cpu-x86.c: CPU flags: CMOV MMX SSE SSE2 SSE3 SSSE3 SSE4_1 SSE4_2 
I: [pulseaudio] svolume_mmx.c: Initialising MMX optimized volume functions.
I: [pulseaudio] remap_mmx.c: Initialising MMX optimized remappers.
I: [pulseaudio] svolume_sse.c: Initialising SSE2 optimized volume functions.
I: [pulseaudio] remap_sse.c: Initialising SSE2 optimized remappers.
I: [pulseaudio] sconv_sse.c: Initialising SSE2 optimized conversions.
I: [pulseaudio] svolume_orc.c: Initialising ORC optimized volume functions.
I: [pulseaudio] module-device-restore.c: Successfully opened database file '/home/frejol/.config/pulse/d56524bdbbea43738a0de327498c40a0-device-volumes'.
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-device-restore" (index: #0; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module-stream-restore.c: Successfully opened database file '/home/frejol/.config/pulse/d56524bdbbea43738a0de327498c40a0-stream-volumes'.
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-stream-restore" (index: #1; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module-card-restore.c: Successfully opened database file '/home/frejol/.config/pulse/d56524bdbbea43738a0de327498c40a0-card-database'.
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-card-restore" (index: #2; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-augment-properties" (index: #3; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-switch-on-port-available" (index: #4; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-switch-on-connect" (index: #5; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)main.c: error: failed to import hw:0 (empty configuration)
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)main.c: error: failed to import HDA Intel PCH (empty configuration)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-ucm.c: UCM not available for card HDA Intel PCH
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0c' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device front:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D1c' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device iec958:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device front:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device surround21:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device surround40:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device surround41:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device surround50:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device surround51:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device surround71:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D1p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device iec958:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm.c: Unknown PCM a52:0
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device a52:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm.c: Unknown PCM a52:0
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device a52:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm.c: Unknown PCM dca:0
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device dca:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Successfully attached to mixer 'hw:0'
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm.c: Unknown PCM dcahdmi:0
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device dcahdmi:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm.c: Unknown PCM dcahdmi:0,1
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device dcahdmi:0,1: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm.c: Unknown PCM dcahdmi:0,2
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device dcahdmi:0,2: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm.c: Unknown PCM dcahdmi:0,3
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device dcahdmi:0,3: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm.c: Unknown PCM dcahdmi:0,4
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device dcahdmi:0,4: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D11p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device hdmi:0,5: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D11p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device hdmi:0,5: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D11p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device hdmi:0,5: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm.c: Unknown PCM dcahdmi:0,5
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device dcahdmi:0,5: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D12p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device hdmi:0,6: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D12p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device hdmi:0,6: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D12p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device hdmi:0,6: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm.c: Unknown PCM dcahdmi:0,6
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device dcahdmi:0,6: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D13p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device hdmi:0,7: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D13p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device hdmi:0,7: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D13p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device hdmi:0,7: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm.c: Unknown PCM dcahdmi:0,7
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device dcahdmi:0,7: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0c' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device hw:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0c' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device hw:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0c' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device hw:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] module-card-restore.c: Restoring port latency offsets for card alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1f.3.
I: [pulseaudio] card.c: alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1f.3: active_profile: off
I: [pulseaudio] card.c: Created 0 "alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1f.3"
I: [pulseaudio] module-alsa-card.c: ELD device found for port hdmi-output-0 (3).
I: [pulseaudio] module-alsa-card.c: ELD device found for port hdmi-output-1 (7).
I: [pulseaudio] module-alsa-card.c: ELD device found for port hdmi-output-2 (8).
I: [pulseaudio] module-alsa-card.c: ELD device found for port hdmi-output-3 (9).
I: [pulseaudio] module-alsa-card.c: ELD device found for port hdmi-output-4 (10).
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-alsa-card" (index: #7; argument: "device_id="0" name="pci-0000_00_1f.3" card_name="alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1f.3" namereg_fail=false tsched=yes fixed_latency_range=no ignore_dB=no deferred_volume=yes use_ucm=yes avoid_resampling=no card_properties="module-udev-detect.discovered=1"").
I: [pulseaudio] module-udev-detect.c: Card /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3/sound/card0 (alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1f.3) module loaded.
I: [pulseaudio] module-udev-detect.c: Found 1 cards.
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-udev-detect" (index: #6; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-native-protocol-unix" (index: #8; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module-default-device-restore.c: Restoring default sink 'auto_null'.
I: [pulseaudio] core.c: configured_default_sink: (unset) -> auto_null
I: [pulseaudio] module-default-device-restore.c: No previous default source setting, ignoring.
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-default-device-restore" (index: #9; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module-device-restore.c: Restoring volume for sink auto_null: front-left: 16185 /  25%,   front-right: 16185 /  25%
I: [pulseaudio] sink.c: Created sink 0 "auto_null" with sample spec s16le 2ch 44100Hz and channel map front-left,front-right
I: [pulseaudio] sink.c:     device.description = "Dummy Output"
I: [pulseaudio] sink.c:     device.class = "abstract"
I: [pulseaudio] sink.c:     device.icon_name = "audio-card"
I: [pulseaudio] source.c: Created source 0 "auto_null.monitor" with sample spec s16le 2ch 44100Hz and channel map front-left,front-right
I: [pulseaudio] source.c:     device.description = "Monitor of Dummy Output"
I: [pulseaudio] source.c:     device.class = "monitor"
I: [pulseaudio] source.c:     device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
I: [null-sink] util.c: Successfully enabled SCHED_RR scheduling for thread, with priority 5.
I: [pulseaudio] core.c: default_source: (unset) -> auto_null.monitor
I: [pulseaudio] core.c: default_sink: (unset) -> auto_null
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-null-sink" (index: #11; argument: "sink_name=auto_null sink_properties='device.description="Dummy Output"'").
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-always-sink" (index: #10; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-intended-roles" (index: #12; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-suspend-on-idle" (index: #13; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-console-kit" (index: #14; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] client.c: Created 0 "Login Session 2"
I: [pulseaudio] core.c: exit_idle_time: 20 -> 0
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-systemd-login" (index: #15; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-position-event-sounds" (index: #16; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-role-cork" (index: #17; argument: "").
I: [snapd-glib] module-snap-policy.c: Starting GLib main loop
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-snap-policy" (index: #18; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-filter-heuristics" (index: #19; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-filter-apply" (index: #20; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: Daemon startup complete.
$ sudo killall timidity
timidity: no process found
mangohost

Post an answer

Most people don’t grasp that asking a lot of questions unlocks learning and improves interpersonal bonding. In Alison’s studies, for example, though people could accurately recall how many questions had been asked in their conversations, they didn’t intuit the link between questions and liking. Across four studies, in which participants were engaged in conversations themselves or read transcripts of others’ conversations, people tended not to realize that question asking would influence—or had influenced—the level of amity between the conversationalists.