So, I followed the steps at this link and added that repository:
https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/addremove-sources.html.en
I was on 20.04. After running sudo apt update && apt upgrade, this partially upgraded my system and broke some things. I then edited the /etc/apt/sources.list file and changed all instances of "focal" to "jammy" in an attempt to fix the situation, as the opposite did not work. After many packages installed, my machine now boots into TTY and the message in the title appears. Changing all the repositories back to focal did not fix it, at least not by subsequently running sudo apt update && apt upgrade. startx fails and this error (EE) is in the log file:
open /dev/fb0: Permission denied
I tried following the steps at https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/149985/startx-cannot-open-dev-fb0-permission-denied but I couldn't edit the file in question because it was read-only.
I recall some shenanigans with getting my GPU (AMD Radeon R9 280) to work with 20.04 a couple of years ago, and updating must've undone that.
In short--I screwed up my 20.04 installation by adding 22.04 repositories. How can I roll everything back or otherwise remedy the situation?