Two things might be causing problems:
1)Check your PrefersNonDefaultGPU setting in /usr/share/applications/steam.desktop. This interacts with the power mode: Performance makes the high power GPU the default, Balanced does not -- or at least it used to. This setting depends upon how the default is set, I'd wish they'd make it something like Use the dedicated GPU x.
2) Laptops use a hybrid GPU setup, the integrated one (Intel) runs the display and the dedicated one does the real work. Sometimes this assignment gets switched -- again seems like some "default" mixup. See the situation in a terminal with the command:
$ xrandr --listproviders
Providers: number : 2
Provider 0: id: 0x45 cap: 0x9, Source Output, Sink Offload crtcs: 4 outputs: 3 associated providers: 1 name:modesetting
Provider 1: id: 0x250 cap: 0x2, Sink Output crtcs: 4 outputs: 6 associated providers: 1 name:NVIDIA-G0
This is the reversed situation -- affects only some things like the CUDA samples (they die instantly). Individually switch what a program uses with:
__NV_PRIME_RENDER_OFFLOAD=1 __GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME=nvidia
Permanent change may be made, but the assignment seems to change randomly, so better to figure out which programs use the "default" when they really want the "dedicated" and run appropriately.