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How can the volume of an audio stream be changed via the terminal?

cn flag

The sound volume is often too low for playing videos in Firefox on my system, even with the system sound volume set to maximum, including over-amplification. To make the volume loud enough, I open PulseAudio Volume Control (pavucontrol), and I turn up the volume of the active Firefox audio stream.

You can see this here:

At the top, the system is set to include over-amplification (up to 153 %). At the bottom, the Firefox audio stream is set to 125 %. This constantly resets when the video is paused and requires constant interaction with the GUI.

Since this audio stream dial is visible only when the video is playing, and since it resets whenever the video is paused, I need a quick and ergonomic way to turn up the volume so that I'm not having to constantly interact with the GUI to keep the volume up.

I have my volume keys set to run the following commands in order to be able to increase the system volume up into over-amplification:

pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ +5%
pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ -5%

How could something similar be done for a currently active audio stream, like Firefox playing a video?

I sit in a Tesla and translated this thread with Ai:

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