Remap several key: Alt_L key to have the same behavior as Alt_R (or Alt gr) + remap caps lock to escape

I want to change the behavior of the Alt_L key on my keyboard (keycode 64) so that it has the same behavior as the Alt_R (keycode 108 or Alt gr) on Ubuntu 22.04.

the output of the following command xmodmap -pke is the following

keycode  64 = Alt_L Meta_L Alt_L Meta_L
keycode 108 = ISO_Level3_Shift NoSymbol ISO_Level3_Shift

I read the following pages

https://superuser.com/questions/53092/gnome-map-altgr-key-to-alt How can I change what keys on my keyboard do? (How can I create custom keyboard commands/shortcuts?)

and try the following commands:

xmodmap -e "clear Alt_L"
xmodmap -e "keycode 64 = ISO_Level3_Shift"

First I get the following error message:

xmodmap:  commandline:1:  bad clear modifier name 'alt_l'
xmodmap:  1 error encountered, aborting.

I then re-run the following command xmodmap -pke with the following output

keycode  64 = ISO_Level3_Shift NoSymbol ISO_Level3_Shift
keycode 108 = ISO_Level3_Shift NoSymbol ISO_Level3_Shift

So to me it seems that the key was successfully remapped, however, the behaviour does not change

I saw that there was a very similar question in which some comments seem to indicate that it could be related to a bug

Ubuntu+1: How to map ALT Gr key as ALT R on Ubuntu 20.04?

EDIT 1

I also saw the following question

Left Alt key should work as right Alt key (Alt Gr)

As I want to remap caps lock to escape, I used the combination of those commands:

dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/input-sources/xkb-options "['caps:escape']" 
dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/input-sources/xkb-options "['lv3:lalt_switch','lv3:ralt-alt']"

and

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options "['caps:escape']"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options "['lv3:lalt_switch','lv3:ralt-alt']"

however, with the 2 last solutions, only the last command is effective but the first one does not work

EDIT 2 According to this question, it is not possible to use xmodmap in Ubuntu anymore: Permanent xmodmap in Ubuntu 13.04

If this is the case it is rather sad because it is then not possible to use troubleshooting tool such as xev

How could I solve the problem?

partial answer

What worked for me was to put the three commands in the same line :

dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/input-sources/xkb-options "['lv3:lalt_switch','lv3:ralt-alt', 'caps:escape']"

However that does not solve the important question about how to use xev for trouble shooting