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Boot slow on freshly installed Ubuntu 22.04

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My dual boot (win10/ubuntu20.04) laptop (lenovo t14s gen1) "completely" crashed a couple of days ago.

What's up: Experiencing 2min+ boot times (48s firmware, 1min loader) into a freshly installed single ubuntu 22.04 (no dual boot anymore) and while using it, UEFI responds very slowly (feels like 1-2 fps, if at all). systemd-analyze and systemd-analyze critical-chain below:

Startup finished in 48.069s (firmware) + 1min 3.309s (loader) + 7.991s (kernel) +
8.290s (userspace) = 2min 7.660s 
graphical.target reached after 8.283s in userspace

graphical.target @8.283s
└─multi-user.target @8.283s
  └─kerneloops.service @8.272s +9ms
    └─network-online.target @8.270s
      └─NetworkManager-wait-online.service @2.013s +6.256s
        └─NetworkManager.service @1.966s +42ms
          └─dbus.service @1.964s
            └─basic.target @1.956s
              └─sockets.target @1.956s
                └─snapd.socket @1.954s +855us
                  └─sysinit.target @1.943s
                    └─systemd-backlight@backlight:amdgpu_bl0.service @3.138s +6ms
                      └─system-systemd\x2dbacklight.slice @558ms
                        └─system.slice @157ms
                          └─-.slice @157ms

How can I get a regular boot time back again and how can I make that UEFI operates on a normal responsive level again?

What happened: I was exclusively using ubuntu 20.04 but had a dual boot w/ win10, regularly running the system updates as recommended by ubuntu. (I used win10 twice on this machine as far as I can remember. The last time over a year ago.) I think after a system update incl. firmware was deployed a couple of days ago my system started acting weird. Namely, very long boot times. Then yesterday after I tried to resume my laptop from suspension it wouldn't respond anymore and the display showed many pretty colors but nothing humanly understandable. After forcing power-off it would only start win10. It didn't show the typical bootloader options at all. I looked into the boot options on system startup using F12 and found no ubuntu entry at all (also not when in UEFI boot menu). I used a usblive stick w/ ubuntu 22.04 and boot-repair but it produced an error:

NVram is locked (Ubuntu not found in efibootmgr).

The startup of the system was still very slow. Also, when in UEFI, the navigation was soooo slow (it felt like only 1-2 fps), very slow responding on key inputs. I also want to add, when booting into win10 windows behaved quite responsive and not slow at all.

Then I was impatient, since I need the laptop for work, and freshly installed ubuntu 22.04 (w/ no dual boot anymore) alongside the most urgent software (I regularly operate w/ git and data on a cloud so I barely had any data loss on reinstalling ubuntu). System startup is still slow (see systemd-analyze output above). Now I am lost. I don't understand why startup of firmware and loader (whatever the latter is) takes this much time. My gut feeling tells me some hardware drivers might be broken or UEFI is damaged in some way.

I am willing to do anything (again, complete reinstall, down/upgrading drivers/UEFI) as long as I get a normally operating machine again. Thx in advance :).

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