Score:0

How to run an automated backup script with sudo permissions?

cl flag

I'm writing a script to run automated backups with tar and cron. I want to include /var and /etc but this requires sudo.

Since it's automated and occurs nightly, I'm not present to input the password, so it fails for the moment.

Should I edit the sudoers file allowing to run this script without password or do you have any other suggestion ?

I think the suggestion of @pLumo should work but for some reason I couldn't make it.

I edited the sudo crontab as such

* * * * * /home/jmaurice/script.sh

and script.sh, which should run every minute :

#!/bin/zsh

echo "Salut tout le monde" >> /home/jmaurice/echo.txt 2&> /home/jmaurice/err.txt

what am I missing ?

ls -l gives :

-rwxr-xr-x 1 jmaurice jmaurice 63 Aug  5 09:35 script.sh

@Raffa

Requested output, it's still set to run every minute.

Aug 05 14:29:01 kali CRON[289179]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:29:01 kali CRON[289179]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:29:01 kali CRON[289179]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:30:01 kali CRON[289662]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:30:01 kali CRON[289662]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:30:01 kali CRON[289662]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:31:01 kali CRON[290137]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:31:01 kali CRON[290137]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:31:01 kali CRON[290137]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:32:01 kali CRON[290622]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:32:01 kali CRON[290622]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:32:01 kali CRON[290622]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:33:01 kali CRON[291108]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:33:01 kali CRON[291108]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:33:01 kali CRON[291108]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:34:01 kali CRON[291591]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:34:01 kali CRON[291591]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:34:01 kali CRON[291591]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:35:01 kali CRON[292074]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:35:01 kali CRON[292075]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:35:01 kali CRON[292075]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:35:01 kali CRON[292075]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:35:01 kali CRON[292074]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:36:01 kali CRON[292561]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:36:01 kali CRON[292561]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:36:01 kali CRON[292561]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:37:01 kali CRON[293045]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:37:01 kali CRON[293045]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:37:01 kali CRON[293045]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:38:01 kali CRON[293535]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:38:01 kali CRON[293535]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:38:01 kali CRON[293535]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:39:01 kali CRON[294088]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:39:01 kali CRON[294089]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:39:01 kali CRON[294088]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:39:01 kali CRON[294089]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:39:01 kali CRON[294089]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:40:01 kali CRON[294573]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:40:01 kali CRON[294573]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:40:01 kali CRON[294573]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:41:01 kali CRON[295056]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:41:01 kali CRON[295056]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:41:01 kali CRON[295056]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:42:01 kali CRON[295541]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:42:01 kali CRON[295541]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:42:01 kali CRON[295541]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:43:01 kali CRON[296020]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:43:01 kali CRON[296020]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:43:01 kali CRON[296020]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:44:01 kali CRON[296503]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:44:01 kali CRON[296503]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:44:01 kali CRON[296503]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:45:01 kali CRON[296986]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:45:01 kali CRON[296987]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:45:01 kali CRON[296987]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:45:01 kali CRON[296987]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:45:01 kali CRON[296986]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:46:01 kali CRON[297472]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:46:02 kali CRON[297472]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:46:02 kali CRON[297472]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:47:02 kali CRON[297956]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:47:02 kali CRON[297956]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:47:02 kali CRON[297956]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:48:01 kali CRON[298438]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:48:01 kali CRON[298438]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:48:01 kali CRON[298438]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:49:01 kali CRON[298922]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:49:01 kali CRON[298922]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:49:01 kali CRON[298922]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:50:01 kali CRON[299406]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:50:01 kali CRON[299406]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:50:01 kali CRON[299406]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:51:01 kali CRON[299889]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:51:01 kali CRON[299889]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:51:01 kali CRON[299889]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:52:01 kali CRON[300374]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:52:01 kali CRON[300374]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:52:01 kali CRON[300374]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:53:01 kali CRON[300860]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:53:01 kali CRON[300860]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:53:01 kali CRON[300860]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:54:01 kali CRON[301344]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:54:01 kali CRON[301344]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:54:01 kali CRON[301344]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:55:01 kali CRON[301828]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:55:01 kali CRON[301827]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:55:01 kali CRON[301828]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:55:01 kali CRON[301828]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:55:01 kali CRON[301827]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:56:01 kali CRON[302305]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:56:01 kali CRON[302305]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:56:01 kali CRON[302305]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:57:01 kali CRON[302789]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:57:01 kali CRON[302789]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:57:01 kali CRON[302789]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:58:01 kali CRON[303279]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:58:01 kali CRON[303279]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:58:01 kali CRON[303279]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 14:59:01 kali CRON[303762]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 14:59:01 kali CRON[303762]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 14:59:01 kali CRON[303762]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:00:01 kali CRON[304245]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:00:01 kali CRON[304245]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:00:01 kali CRON[304245]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:01:01 kali CRON[304736]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:01:01 kali CRON[304736]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:01:01 kali CRON[304736]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:02:01 kali CRON[305222]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:02:01 kali CRON[305222]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:02:01 kali CRON[305222]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:03:01 kali CRON[305707]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:03:01 kali CRON[305707]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:03:01 kali CRON[305707]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:04:01 kali CRON[306190]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:04:01 kali CRON[306190]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:04:01 kali CRON[306190]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:05:01 kali CRON[306674]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:05:01 kali CRON[306673]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:05:01 kali CRON[306674]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:05:01 kali CRON[306674]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:05:01 kali CRON[306673]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:06:01 kali CRON[307160]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:06:01 kali CRON[307160]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:06:01 kali CRON[307160]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:07:01 kali CRON[307646]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:07:01 kali CRON[307646]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:07:01 kali CRON[307646]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:08:01 kali CRON[308129]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:08:01 kali CRON[308129]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:08:01 kali CRON[308129]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:09:01 kali CRON[308670]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:09:01 kali CRON[308669]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:09:01 kali CRON[308669]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:09:01 kali CRON[308670]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:09:01 kali CRON[308670]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:10:01 kali CRON[309254]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:10:01 kali CRON[309254]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:10:01 kali CRON[309254]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:11:01 kali CRON[309819]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:11:01 kali CRON[309819]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:11:01 kali CRON[309819]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:12:01 kali CRON[310312]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:12:01 kali CRON[310312]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:12:01 kali CRON[310312]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:13:01 kali CRON[310822]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:13:01 kali CRON[310822]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:13:01 kali CRON[310822]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:14:01 kali CRON[311368]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:14:01 kali CRON[311368]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:14:01 kali CRON[311368]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:15:01 kali CRON[311859]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:15:01 kali CRON[311858]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:15:01 kali CRON[311859]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:15:01 kali CRON[311859]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:15:01 kali CRON[311858]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:16:01 kali CRON[312352]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:16:01 kali CRON[312352]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:16:01 kali CRON[312352]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:17:01 kali CRON[312836]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:17:01 kali CRON[312835]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:17:01 kali CRON[312840]: (root) CMD (cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)
Aug 05 15:17:01 kali CRON[312836]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:17:01 kali CRON[312836]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:17:01 kali CRON[312835]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:18:01 kali CRON[313352]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:18:01 kali CRON[313352]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:18:01 kali CRON[313352]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:19:01 kali CRON[313835]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:19:01 kali CRON[313835]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:19:01 kali CRON[313835]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:20:01 kali CRON[314310]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:20:01 kali CRON[314310]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:20:01 kali CRON[314310]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:21:01 kali CRON[314844]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:21:01 kali CRON[314844]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:21:01 kali CRON[314844]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:22:01 kali CRON[315374]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:22:01 kali CRON[315374]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:22:01 kali CRON[315374]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:23:01 kali CRON[315862]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:23:01 kali CRON[315862]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:23:01 kali CRON[315862]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:24:01 kali CRON[316380]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:24:01 kali CRON[316380]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:24:01 kali CRON[316380]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:25:01 kali CRON[316869]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:25:01 kali CRON[316868]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:25:01 kali CRON[316869]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:25:01 kali CRON[316869]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:25:01 kali CRON[316868]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:26:01 kali CRON[317440]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:26:01 kali CRON[317440]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:26:01 kali CRON[317440]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:27:01 kali CRON[317936]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:27:01 kali CRON[317936]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:27:01 kali CRON[317936]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Aug 05 15:28:01 kali CRON[318477]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Aug 05 15:28:01 kali CRON[318477]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Aug 05 15:28:01 kali CRON[318477]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Marco avatar
br flag
What about a systemd timer ?
pLumo avatar
in flag
Run the backup as the `root` user ? Instead of `crontab -e`, run `sudo crontab -e`
hyperswiss avatar
cl flag
@pLumo So it would run as root at the given time even unattended, that's right ? Will try it, but sounds like a good solution to me
pLumo avatar
in flag
exactly like this.
Raffa avatar
jp flag
I guess you mean `2>` and not `2&>` … And is `zsh` installed on your system?
hyperswiss avatar
cl flag
@Raffa anything that could help ? Does the 2> and 2&> make a difference here ? And yes zsh is my shell, it must somehow be installed, thanks for your input
Raffa avatar
jp flag
In `zsh` yes, they are different but unlikely to cause your cronjob to fail though … Please add the output of `journalctl --grep='cron' --no-pager`
hyperswiss avatar
cl flag
@Raffa I can't. I grepped it again with today's date and it's 1555 lines. Almost all looking like that "Aug 05 15:13:01 kali CRON[310822]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0) Aug 05 15:13:01 kali CRON[310822]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output) Aug 05 15:13:01 kali CRON[310822]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root "
Raffa avatar
jp flag
Then do it for the last hour(*assuming your cronjob is scheduald to run during the last hour*) with `journalctl --grep='cron' --no-pager --since='-1hour'` and post it by [edit]ing your question ... We need to see what's going on with CRON and how your script is executed.
Raffa avatar
jp flag
The only command run by CRON as the user `root` is `CRON[312840]: (root) CMD (cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)` ... Your cronjob doesn't show in the output and no errors either ... Your cronjob appears to not be set properly ... Probably it's time to double check and tell us what you did and how exactly you install your cronjob in detail ... And please add the output of `sudo crontab -l`
ar flag
It looks like you are using Kali. It is not an official flavor of Ubuntu, and thus is off topic here.
hyperswiss avatar
cl flag
@user68186 I'm using Kali, Ubuntu, Suse and so on, bash or zsh and cron with tar commands are off topic in Ubuntu ? That's little extreme. Anyway I'll move to another board.
hyperswiss avatar
cl flag
@Raffa, as stated above I'm moving my question to superuser.com, see you there if you're so enclined
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Most people don’t grasp that asking a lot of questions unlocks learning and improves interpersonal bonding. In Alison’s studies, for example, though people could accurately recall how many questions had been asked in their conversations, they didn’t intuit the link between questions and liking. Across four studies, in which participants were engaged in conversations themselves or read transcripts of others’ conversations, people tended not to realize that question asking would influence—or had influenced—the level of amity between the conversationalists.