My use
I use a custom QWERTY keyboard for french. It's the QWERTY Lafayette.
https://qwerty-lafayette.org/
The problem
In many applications like vscode, my keyboard does not work and remains in qwerty us.
So I can't type the characters accessible with AltGr or the accents in French.
Moreover, in gnome settings, I don't see the keyboard created.
My setup
There is on the website page, the Python installer that I used. It works very well.
Here are the contents in my files that it generates and integrates properly /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.xml:
<layout>
<configItem>
<name>fr</name>
<!-- Keyboard indicator for French layouts -->
<shortDescription>fr</shortDescription>
<description>French</description>
<countryList>
<iso3166Id>FR</iso3166Id>
</countryList>
<languageList>
<iso639Id>fra</iso639Id>
</languageList>
</configItem>
<variantList>
<variant>
<configItem>
<name>nodeadkeys</name>
<description>French (no dead keys)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant>
<configItem>
<name>oss</name>
<description>French (alt.)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant>
<configItem>
<name>oss_latin9</name>
<description>French (alt., Latin-9 only)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant>
<configItem>
<name>oss_nodeadkeys</name>
<description>French (alt., no dead keys)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant>
<configItem>
<name>latin9</name>
<description>French (legacy, alt.)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant>
<configItem>
<name>latin9_nodeadkeys</name>
<description>French (legacy, alt., no dead keys)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant>
<configItem>
<name>bepo</name>
<description>French (BEPO)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant>
<configItem>
<name>bepo_latin9</name>
<description>French (BEPO, Latin-9 only)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant>
<configItem>
<name>bepo_afnor</name>
<description>French (BEPO, AFNOR)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant>
<configItem>
<name>dvorak</name>
<description>French (Dvorak)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant>
<configItem>
<name>mac</name>
<description>French (Macintosh)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant>
<configItem>
<name>azerty</name>
<description>French (AZERTY)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant>
<configItem>
<name>afnor</name>
<description>French (AZERTY, AFNOR)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant>
<configItem>
<name>bre</name>
<description>French (Breton)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant>
<configItem>
<name>oci</name>
<description>Occitan</description>
<languageList>
<iso639Id>oci</iso639Id>
</languageList>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant>
<configItem>
<name>geo</name>
<description>Georgian (France, AZERTY Tskapo)</description>
<languageList>
<iso639Id>kat</iso639Id>
</languageList>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant>
<configItem>
<name>us</name>
<description>French (US)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant type="lafayette">
<configItem>
<name>lafayette</name>
<description>French (Lafayette)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>
<variant type="lafayette">
<configItem>
<name>lafayette42</name>
<description>French (Lafayette42)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>
</variantList>
</layout>
In /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/fr I have this:
// LAFAYETTE::BEGIN
// Project page : https://github.com/fabi1cazenave/qwerty-lafayette
// Author : Fabien Cazenave
// Version : 0.6.1
// Last change : 2018-04-08
// License : WTFPL - Do What The Fuck You Want Public License
//
// French (Qwerty-Lafayette)
//
// Base layer + dead key
// ┌─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┲━━━━━━━━━━┓
// │ ~ │ ! ¡ │ @ ‘ │ # ’ │ $ ¢ │ % ‰ │ ^ │ & │ * ★ │ ( │ ) │ _ – │ + ± ┃ ┃
// │ ` │ 1 „ │ 2 “ │ 3 ” │ 4 £ │ 5 € │ 6 │ 7 | │ 8 ∞ │ 9 │ 0 ° │ - — │ = ≠ ┃ ⌫ ┃
// ┢━━━━━┷━━┱──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┺━━┳━━━━━━━┫
// ┃ ┃ Q │ W │ E │ R ™ │ T │ Y ¤ │ U │ I │ O │ P ¶ │ « { │ » } ┃ ┃
// ┃ ↹ ┃ æ │ é │ è │ ® │ þ │ ¥ │ ù │ ij │ œ │ § │ ̂ [ │ ̈ ] ┃ ┃
// ┣━━━━━━━━┻┱────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┺┓ ⏎ ┃
// ┃ ┃ A │ S │ D │ F ª │ G │ H │ J │ K │ L │ ⃡ │ " │ | ┃ ┃
// ┃ ⇬ ┃ à │ ß │ ð │ ſ │ © │ ← │ ↓ │ ↑ │ → │ ⃡ ` │ ' │ \ ┃ ┃
// ┣━━━━━━┳━━┹──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┲━━┷━━━━━┻━━━━━━┫
// ┃ ┃ > ≥ │ Z │ X │ C │ V │ B │ N │ M º │ ; • │ : │ ? ¿ ┃ ┃
// ┃ ⇧ ┃ < ≤ │ < │ > │ ç │ ŭ │ † │ ñ │ µ │ , · │ . … │ / \ ┃ ⇧ ┃
// ┣━━━━━━┻┳━━━━┷━━┳━━┷━━━━┱┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─┲━━━┷━━━┳━┷━━━━━╋━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━┫
// ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃
// ┃ Ctrl ┃ super ┃ Alt ┃ ␣ ┃ AltGr ┃ super ┃ menu ┃ Ctrl ┃
// ┗━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━┹────────────────────────────────┺━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━┛
//
// AltGr layer
// ┌─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┲━━━━━━━━━━┓
// │ ̃ │ │ « │ » │ ́ │ ̈ │ ̂ │ ⁷ │ ⁸ │ ⁹ │ ÷ │ │ ┃ ┃
// │ ̀ │ ! │ ( │ ) │ ' │ " │ ^ │ 7 │ 8 │ 9 │ / │ │ ┃ ⌫ ┃
// ┢━━━━━┷━━┱──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┺━━┳━━━━━━━┫
// ┃ ┃ ≠ │ │ │ — │ ± │ │ ⁴ │ ⁵ │ ⁶ │ × │ │ ┃ ┃
// ┃ ↹ ┃ = │ < │ > │ - │ + │ │ 4 │ 5 │ 6 │ * │ │ ┃ ┃
// ┣━━━━━━━━┻┱────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┴┬────┺┓ ⏎ ┃
// ┃ ┃ │ │ │ │ │ │ ¹ │ ² │ ³ │ − │ ̇ │ ┃ ┃
// ┃ ⇬ ┃ { │ [ │ ] │ } │ / │ │ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │ - │ ́ │ ┃ ┃
// ┣━━━━━━┳━━┹──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┬──┴──┲━━┷━━━━━┻━━━━━━┫
// ┃ ┃ │ ̃ │ ̀ │ │ – │ │ │ ⁰ │ │ │ ¬ ┃ ┃
// ┃ ⇧ ┃ │ ~ │ ` │ | │ _ │ \ │ │ 0 │ , │ . │ + ┃ ⇧ ┃
// ┣━━━━━━┻┳━━━━┷━━┳━━┷━━━━┱┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─┲━━━┷━━━┳━┷━━━━━╋━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━┫
// ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃
// ┃ Ctrl ┃ super ┃ Alt ┃ ␣ ┃ AltGr ┃ super ┃ menu ┃ Ctrl ┃
// ┗━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━┹────────────────────────────────┺━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━┛
partial alphanumeric_keys modifier_keys
xkb_symbols "lafayette" {
name[group1]= "French (Lafayette)";
key.type[group1] = "EIGHT_LEVEL";
// Digits
key <AE01> {[ 1 , exclam , U201E , exclamdown , exclam , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // 1 ! „ ¡ !
key <AE02> {[ 2 , at , U201C , U2018 , parenleft , guillemotleft , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // 2 @ “ ‘ ( «
key <AE03> {[ 3 , numbersign , U201D , U2019 , parenright , guillemotright , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // 3 # ” ’ ) »
key <AE04> {[ 4 , dollar , sterling , cent , apostrophe , dead_acute , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // 4 $ £ ¢ ' ´
key <AE05> {[ 5 , percent , EuroSign , U2030 , quotedbl , dead_diaeresis , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // 5 % € ‰ " ¨
key <AE06> {[ 6 , asciicircum , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , asciicircum , dead_circumflex , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // 6 ^ ^ ^
key <AE07> {[ 7 , ampersand , bar , brokenbar , 7 , U2077 , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // 7 & | ¦ 7 ⁷
key <AE08> {[ 8 , asterisk , infinity , U2605 , 8 , U2078 , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // 8 * ∞ ★ 8 ⁸
key <AE09> {[ 9 , parenleft , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , 9 , U2079 , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // 9 ( 9 ⁹
key <AE10> {[ 0 , parenright , degree , VoidSymbol , slash , division , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // 0 ) ° / ÷
// Letters, first row
key <AD01> {[ q , Q , ae , AE , equal , notequal , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // q Q æ Æ = ≠
key <AD02> {[ w , W , eacute , Eacute , less , lessthanequal , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // w W é É < ≤
key <AD03> {[ e , E , egrave , Egrave , greater , greaterthanequal, VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // e E è È > ≥
key <AD04> {[ r , R , registered , trademark , minus , emdash , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // r R ® ™ - —
key <AD05> {[ t , T , thorn , Thorn , plus , plusminus , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // t T þ Þ + ±
key <AD06> {[ y , Y , yen , currency , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // y Y ¥ ¤
key <AD07> {[ u , U , ugrave , Ugrave , 4 , U2074 , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // u U ù Ù 4 ⁴
key <AD08> {[ i , I , U0133 , U0132 , 5 , U2075 , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // i I ij IJ 5 ⁵
key <AD09> {[ o , O , oe , OE , 6 , U2076 , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // o O œ Œ 6 ⁶
key <AD10> {[ p , P , section , paragraph , asterisk , multiply , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // p P § ¶ * ×
// Letters, second row
key <AC01> {[ a , A , agrave , Agrave , braceleft , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // a A à À {
key <AC02> {[ s , S , ssharp , U1E9E , bracketleft , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // s S ß ẞ [
key <AC03> {[ d , D , eth , Eth , bracketright , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // d D ð Ð ]
key <AC04> {[ f , F , U017F , ordfeminine , braceright , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // f F ſ ª }
key <AC05> {[ g , G , copyright , VoidSymbol , slash , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // g G © /
key <AC06> {[ h , H , leftarrow , U21D0 , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // h H ← ⇐
key <AC07> {[ j , J , downarrow , U21D3 , 1 , onesuperior , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // j J ↓ ⇓ 1 ¹
key <AC08> {[ k , K , uparrow , U21D1 , 2 , twosuperior , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // k K ↑ ⇑ 2 ²
key <AC09> {[ l , L , rightarrow , U21D2 , 3 , threesuperior , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // l L → ⇒ 3 ³
key <AC10> {[ ISO_Level3_Latch, ISO_Level3_Latch, grave , VoidSymbol , minus , U2212 , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // ` ` ` - −
// Letters, third row
key <AB01> {[ z , Z , less , lessthanequal , asciitilde , dead_tilde , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // z Z < ≤ ~ ~
key <AB02> {[ x , X , greater , greaterthanequal, grave , dead_grave , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // x X > ≥ ` `
key <AB03> {[ c , C , ccedilla , Ccedilla , bar , brokenbar , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // c C ç Ç | ¦
key <AB04> {[ v , V , ubreve , Ubreve , underscore , endash , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // v V ŭ Ŭ _ –
key <AB05> {[ b , B , dagger , doubledagger , backslash , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // b B † ‡ \
key <AB06> {[ n , N , ntilde , Ntilde , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // n N ñ Ñ
key <AB07> {[ m , M , mu , masculine , 0 , U2070 , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // m M µ º 0 ⁰
key <AB08> {[ comma , semicolon , periodcentered , U2022 , comma , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // , ; · • ,
key <AB09> {[ period , colon , ellipsis , VoidSymbol , period , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // . : … .
key <AB10> {[ slash , question , backslash , questiondown , plus , notsign , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // / ? \ ¿ + ¬
// Pinky keys
key <AE11> {[ minus , underscore , emdash , endash , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // - _ — –
key <AE12> {[ equal , plus , notequal , plusminus , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // = + ≠ ±
key <AD11> {[ dead_circumflex , guillemotleft , bracketleft , braceleft , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // ^ « [ {
key <AD12> {[ dead_diaeresis , guillemotright , bracketright , braceright , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // ¨ » ] }
key <AC11> {[ apostrophe , quotedbl , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , dead_acute , dead_abovedot , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // ' " ´ ˙
key <TLDE> {[ grave , asciitilde , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , dead_grave , dead_tilde , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // ` ~ ` ~
key <BKSL> {[ backslash , bar , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // \ |
key <LSGT> {[ less , greater , lessthanequal , greaterthanequal, VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // < > ≤ ≥
// Space bar
key <SPCE> {[ space , nobreakspace , U2019 , U2019 , nobreakspace , U202F , VoidSymbol , VoidSymbol ]}; // ’ ’
// The “OneDeadKey” is an ISO_Level3_Latch, i.e. a “dead AltGr” key:
// this is the only way to have a multi-purpose dead key with XKB.
// The real AltGr key is an ISO_Level5_Switch.
include "level5(ralt_switch)"
};
To finish, I make setxkbmap fr -variant lafayette
When I run this command, it tells me to be careful because I am under Wayland.
I have no choice to do it, because the keyboard does not appear in the gnome settings.
